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1、英美概况期末复习一、名词解释1、PrimeMinister首相ThePrimeMinisteristhenumber-oneministerofalltheBritishministers.Afterageneralelection,theleaderofthepartythathaswonthemajorityoftheseatsintheHouseofCommonswillbeappointedPrimeMinisterbythemonarch.ThePrimeMinisteristheheadoftheBritishGovernme
2、ntandisratherpowerfulinmakingappointments.ThePrimeMinisternotonlycontrolstheCabinetbutalsotheParliament2、BritishParliament英国议会TheBritishParliamentcomprises3elements——theMonarch,theHouseofLords,andtheHouseofCommons.Inlaw,theMonarchistheofficialheadoftheParliament;thetwoHou
3、seareseparateandequal.Inreality,theMonarchisnothingbutthesymbolicpart,therealpowerinpassinglawsisheldmainlybytheHouseofCommons.TheBritishParliamenthasthesupremelegislativeauthorityintheUnitedKingdom.3、TheSpeaker议长ThechiefofficeroftheHouseofCommonsistheSpeaker,whoisalsokno
4、wnasthepresidentoftheChamber.TheSpeakeriselectedbytheHouseofCommons,butnormallyonlyafterthepartyleadershaveprivatelyagreedbeforehandonaparticularperson.Onceelected,hecanholdthepositionuntilhisretirementwhenhewillbemadeapeer.Thoughhemaybelongtooneofthepoliticalparties,theS
5、peakerhastogiveupallpartyloyalties.HeisnextonlytothePrimeMinisterinrank.TheSpeakernevervotesexceptwhenthevotesareequal.Thenhegivesthedecidingvote.4、QuestionTime质询时间EverydaywhentheCommonsmeets,theybegintheirmeetingwitha“QuestionTime,”whichisanhourofparliamentarytimeafterpr
6、ayersandsomepreliminaries.Duringthe“QuestionTime”ministers,inrotation,answerquestionsputtothemonmattersforwhichtheyareresponsible.ThequestionsareputforwardbyMPsandusuallyhandedinbeforehand.Afterthe“QuestionTime”followsthemaindebateoftheday.5、The“ThreeReadings”三独Theprocess
7、ofpassingitissimilarinbothoftheHouses.Accordingtoalong-establishedpractice,itmusthavethree“readings”.IntheCommons,ithasthe“firstreading”onintroductionannouncingitscomingforward.Afteradebateonitsgeneralprinciplesandmerits,itreceivesthe“secondreading”.Attheendofthedebateont
8、he“secondreading”,avoteistaken.Nextthebillreceivesthe“thirdreading”.6、Jury陪审团AJuryisabodyofrespo
