非谓语动词用法比较.doc

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1、do主动语态被动语态句法功能否定式一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主宾表定状补前面直接加nottodotodotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√ingdoinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√ed done vt.(被动完成)risenvi(主动完成)√√√√非谓语动词用法比较辑主语及复合结构不定式-ing过去分词for/ofsbtodosb:宾格/名词1.主格代词/名词+doing(作状语)2.形物代/宾格和名词所有格/普通格+doing(作主,

2、宾语)主格代词/名词+done(作状语)一．不定式和-ing形式作主语的区别1.-ing和不定式都可以作主语，-ing作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为;不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。Smokingisforbiddenhere．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)2.不定式做主语，一般用it作形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。常见句型有itisadj.(of/forsb.)

3、todosth.Ittookwillandpatiencetodoanythingwell.Itisniceofyoutosayso.3.-ing在“Itisnouse/nogood/useless+doing”等结构中作主语，it为形式主语；其他情况doing直接做主语。Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。Itisnogoodcryingthespiltmilk.覆水难收4.主表对称原则Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.二．不定式和

4、ing形式作宾语的区别1.-ing形式作宾语常表示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式作宾语表示特定的、具体的、一次性动作Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimtoday.2.1)有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：hope/manage/refuse/pretend/plan/offer/decide/agree/fail/afford/happen/should(would)like(love)/belikely+todo2)有些动词或短语只接ing作宾语：enjoy喜欢；mind在意；practise练习；avoid避免；

5、finish完成；prevent防止；appreciate欣赏；suggest建议；delay耽搁；imagine想象；keep保留；risk冒险；dislike讨厌；excuse原谅；miss错过；forgive宽恕；admit承认；can’tstand忍不住；feellike想要；giveup放弃；putoff推迟；objectto反对;lookforwardto期望,keepon一直,setabout着手,Shefinishedreadingthebook(看完这本书）yesterday.Willyouadmithavingbrokenthew

6、indow?　　你承认不承认打破了窗户？Doyoufeelliketakingawalk?　　你要不要去散步？WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.　　我们期待着来中国。Doyoumindmysmokingintheroom？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？三．作宾补时,三者的区别1.有些动词接不定式作宾补：（和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成；表一次性动作）①Tell/order/persuade/invite/force/warn /encourage/get/ask+sbtodoHeaskedmetofinishit

7、intime.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.3②feel(一感);hearlistento(二听); havemakelet(三使)；seewatchobserveoticelookatfind(六看)+sbdo等感官使役动词后跟不定式作宾补省略to,但被动以后要还原to.（表全过程）Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.Iheardhersingthesongmanytimes.2.有些动词接ing作宾补：feel(一感);hearlistento(二听); have

8、getleavekeep(四使)；seewatchobserveoticelookatfi