大学物理实验-单摆实验-参考.doc

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1、单摆实验【实验目的】1．通过对单摆周期的大量精密测量，利用偶然误差统计分布规律验证高斯误差分布定律，从而加深对偶然误差统计规律的认识。2．利用单摆测重力加速度，掌握用不确定度分析讨论测量结果的方法，学会测量结果表达式的正确书写。【实验仪器】GM-1单摆实验仪（编号）数字毫秒计（编号）米尺【实验原理】一、利用偶然误差统计分布规律验证高斯误差分布定律构思：对偶然误差服从正态分布规律的最好验证是统计检验。就是在一定条件下进行大量（几百次或更多）的精密测量，将其偏差的分布与理论值相比较，即是将偏差出现在一定区间的实际个数与理论计算的预期个数相比较，如果两者一致

2、，则可以认为正态分布规律是成立的。方案：1、统计直方图……2、误差的置信概率……二、利用单摆测重力加速度构思：……方案：……【实验内容及步骤】一、利用偶然误差统计分布规律验证高斯误差分布定律（自拟）二、利用单摆测重力加速度（自拟）【数据记录及处理】一、利用偶然误差统计分布规律验证高斯误差分布定律单摆次数累计时间(s)周期（T/s）偶然误差（ΔT/s）ΔT（s）ΔT2(s2）10.6681.355-0.02200.0220.00048421.4001.3810.00400.0040.00001632.0231.3870.01000.0100.000100

3、42.7811.361-0.01600.0160.00025653.4101.3970.02000.0200.00040064.1421.369-0.00800.0080.00006474.8071.373-0.00400.0040.00001685.5111.3940.01700.0170.00028996.1801.358-0.01900.0190.000361106.9051.3830.00600.0060.000036117.5381.3830.00600.0060.000036128.2881.365-0.01200.0120.0001441

4、38.9211.3950.01800.0180.000324149.6531.369-0.00800.0080.0000641510.3161.375-0.00200.0020.0000041611.0221.3900.01300.0130.0001691711.6911.362-0.01500.0150.0002251812.4121.3830.00600.0060.0000361913.0531.3800.00300.0030.0000092013.7951.368-0.00900.0090.0000812114.4331.3920.01500.0

5、150.0002252215.1631.369-0.00800.0080.0000642315.8251.3770.00000.0000.0000002416.5321.3870.01000.0100.0001002517.2021.365-0.01200.0120.0001442617.9191.3830.00600.0060.0000362718.5671.3780.00100.0010.0000012819.3021.370-0.00700.0070.0000492919.9451.3900.01300.0130.0001693020.6721.

6、370-0.00700.0070.0000493121.3351.3780.00100.0010.0000013222.0421.3840.00700.0070.0000493322.7131.367-0.01000.0100.0001003423.4261.3830.00600.0060.0000363524.0801.3770.00000.0000.0000003624.8091.371-0.00600.0060.0000363725.4571.3890.01200.0120.0001443826.1801.371-0.00600.0060.000

7、0363926.8461.3780.00100.0010.0000014027.5511.3830.00600.0060.0000364128.2241.368-0.00900.0090.0000814228.9341.3820.00500.0050.0000254329.5921.3780.00100.0010.0000014430.3161.372-0.00500.0050.0000254530.9701.3870.01000.0100.0001004631.6881.372-0.00500.0050.0000254732.3571.3780.00

8、100.0010.0000014833.0601.3820.00500.0050.000025