定语从句总结.doc

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1、定语从句总结定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。定语从句的三种功能：1.连接功能：连接从句，引导一个定语从句2.指代功能：指代先行词3.语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy 语法关系词指代  主语  宾语  定语  表语 指人 whothat whomthat whose that 指物 whichthat whic

2、hthat whose that注:关系代词在句中充当主语、定语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。1.     关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略①Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.(作主语)Thedogwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.(作主语)②Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosthomesreached250,000.Herecomesthegirlwho/thatwantstoseeyou.2.     关系代词在

3、句中作宾语时可省略①Thenoodlesthat/whichIcookedweredelicious.（作宾语）Thisisthebookthat/whichIwanttoread.Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.②Thegirlwho/thatwesawyesterdayisMary.MrLiisamanwhom/who/thatweshouldlearfrom.Doyouknowthemanwhom/who/thatistalkingto?3.  

4、   关系代词在从句中做定语①Thenovelwhosecoverwasbrokenblongstome.②HeneryistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher.Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducescomputers.Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.4.     关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that）Sheisnotthegirlthatshewas. 定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择1.  

5、   明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语2.     分析句子结构，明确句法成分关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等 关系副词（whe

6、n,where,why）1.    When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Wewillneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)weneededhelp.2.    where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksis

7、inthewestofthecity.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.3.why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?There

8、asonwhy(forwhich)shewasillisthatshehadeatenbadmeat.4.比较I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentwithmyteacher.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithy