定语从句总结 初中.doc

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1、定语从句总结初中　　定语从句定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。　　通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。　　定语从句的三种功能1.连接功能连接从句，引导一个定语从句2.指代功能指代先行词3.语法功能在定语从句中充当句子成分(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy主语宾语定语表语指人whothatwhomthatwhosethat指物whichthatwhichthatwhosethat注:关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语

2、，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。　　1.关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略①Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.(作主语)Thedogwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.(作主语)②Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosthomesreached250,000.Hereesthegirlwho/thatwantstoseeyou.2.关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略①Thenoodlesthat/whichIcookedweredelicious.（作宾语）This

3、isthebookthat/whichIwanttoread.Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.②Thegirlwho/thatwesawyesterdayisMary.MrLiisamanwhom/who/thatweshouldlearfrom.Doyouknowthemanwhom/who/thatistalkingto?3.关系代词在从句中做定语①Thenovelwhosecoverwasbrokenblongstome.语法关系词指代②Heneryistheboywhos

4、emotherisourEnglishteacher.Iknowthepersonwhosepanyproducesputers.Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.4.关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that）Sheisnotthegirlthatshewas.定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择1.明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语

5、、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语2.分析句子结构，明确句法成分关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。　　如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。　　如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。　　如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等关系副词（when,where,why）1.When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Wewillneverforgetthehappytimewhenwework

6、edonthefarm.Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)weneededhelp.2.where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.3.why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）Thereareseveralreason

7、swhywecan’tdothat.Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?Thereasonwhy(forwhich)shewasillisthatshehadeatenbadmeat.4.比较I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentwithmyteacher.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.Itist

8、hehousethat/whichwasbuilttwoyearsago.Itisthehou