电影的早期历史 The history of motion pictures.doc

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1、新托福結構式極速閱讀大講堂---課堂補充知識1：電影的早期歷史Thehistoryofmotionpictures分類：新托福機經2007/02/1600:46這是第二堂上課會補充的背景知識，同學可以先看的哦，請參考OG的第58頁 EarlyCinema早期電影的發展一直是托福的熱門考題，從攝影機的發明，拍攝技術的發展，從有無聲至有聲電影的過程也是iBT的真經之一，06年就出現了兩次。以下機經皆同學們在網上分享，感謝這些好心的同學，編者只是將其整理，與大家分享，祝福大家有好成績的哦^^。)■ 有聲電影的發展：（06.04.08、06.12.15）關於電影從無聲電影轉變有聲電影時代是一個重

2、要得轉變。說在1920s以前，人們用雖然沒有把臺詞加到電影中，但是聲音早就以鋼琴伴奏的形式加到電影中。其中舉了個例子說某某電影在加了live得music以後大受歡迎。接著又說有聲電影的發展蓋過了電影中其他技術的發展，好像是圖像，拍攝之類的。說其他的這些技術的進步直到1950s才被人所注意。其中考到drasticallychanged,overshadow這樣的詞。 Thehistoryofmotionpictures¨          Sinceearliesttimes,peoplehavebeeninterestedinportrayingthingsinmotion.During

3、thelate1800's,developmentsinsciencehelpedstimulateaseriesofinventionsthatledtoprojectedmotionpicturesoncelluloidfilm.¨          Thefirstsuccessfulphotographsofmotionweremadein1877and1878byEadweardMuybridge.¨          Muybridgetookaseriesofphotographsofarunninghorse.Forhisproject,Muybridgesetuparo

4、wofcameras(first12,then24)withstringsattachedtotheirshutters.Whenthehorseranby,itbrokeeachstringinsuccession,trippingtheshutters.¨          Theworks,InJockeyonaGallopingHorse,areconsideredaforerunnerofmotionpictures. ThomasAlvaEdison’scontributiontoEarlycinema¨          Muybridge'sfeatinfluencedi

5、nventorsinseveralcountriestoworktowarddevelopingdevicestorecordandre-presentmovieimages.TheseinventorsincludedThomasArmatandThomasAlvaEdison.¨          Edison'scompanydisplayedthefirstcommercialmotion-picturemachinein1893.Edisoncalledhismachinethekinetoscope(atermwhichderivedfromkinetics,ascience

6、thatdealswithaspectsofmotion).¨          Itwasacabinetshowingunenlarged35-millimeterblack-and-whitefilmsrunningabout90seconds.Anindividualwatchedthroughapeepholeasthefilmmovedonspools.   ¨          Byitsnature,theexperienceofviewingamotionpicturethroughakinetoscopewasmoreprivate,and,insomeways,mo

7、revoyeuristic.¨          Kinetoscopeparlorsopenedinanumberofcities.However,theyweresoonreplacedbyprojectionmachinesthatthrewgreatlyenlargedpicturesonascreen.Thesenewmachinesallowedmanypeopletoviewasinglefilmatthesameti