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1、Physicians,Fads,andPharmaceuticals:AHistoryofAspirinAnneAdinaJudithAndermann*,B.Sc.,M.Phil.Cantab*Towhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed:FacultyofMedicine,McGillUniversity,3655DrummondSt.,Montreal,QC,CanadaH3G1Y6"Politicsisnotoutthereinsociety.Politicsisdownthereinthelaboratory."--BrunoLatour(1).Asp
2、irinisaproductofthelate-nineteenth-centurylaboratory,pharmaceuticalindustry,andmedicalcommunity.Theprevailingscientifictechniques,industrialapproaches,andmedicalbeliefswereinstrumentalinthedevelopment,promotionandreceptionofthedrug.Asaresult,thepresentaccountdoesnotextendfurtherbackthanafewdecadesp
3、riortothereleaseofaspirinfromthelaboratoriesofFarbenfabrikenvormalsFriedrichBayer&Co.in1899.Incontrast,muchofthecurrentliteratureonaspirin(2,3,4)attemptstotracethecompoundbacktoantiquitythroughtheEberspapyrus,theHippocraticwritings,andtheworksofGalen.Suchhistoriestellasimple,lineartaleofthenumerous
4、"discoveries"proposedtohaveledtotheuseofcertainsalicylate-containingplants,suchaswillowbarkandwintergreen,orsalicylate-relatedcompounds,includingsalicilinandsalicylicacid,ascuresforavarietyofailments.Indeed,accordingtoMannandPlummer:Both[salicilinandsalicylicacid]attackedfeverandpain,andtheirpartis
5、ansadvocatedthesalicylates'useasantiseptics,mouthwashes,andwaterpreservativesforoceanvoyages;oneimportantchemistfurthersuggested(erroneously)thatsodiumsalicylate,achemicalrelative,wouldsuccessfullytreatscarletfever,diphtheria,measles,syphilis,cholera,rabiesandanthrax(5).However,itisdifficulttoestab
6、lishwhateffect,ifany,theseexamplesofthe"historical"usesof"proto-aspirin"hadontheimpetusforandmodesofdevelopingandusingtheactualdrugcalledaspirin.Asamatterofcourse,aspirinisusuallydescribedasthenaturaldescendantfromthesesalicylateforefathers.However,thehistoryofaspirinisnotasstraightforwardataleasco
7、nventionalhistoriessuggest,butratherisacomplexnarrativeofthepeopleandcircumstancesinvolvedintransformingasimplechemicalcompoundintoapopularpharmaceuticalproductthathasremainedoneofthemostwidelyconsumeddrugs
