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1、非谓语动词用法讲座---现在分词分词有现在分词和过去分词,有动词的特征,有形容词和副词的功能。现在分词有主动意义,而及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义,不及物动词具有主动意义,表示已经发生过的事情。一、现在分词1.表语许多现在分词已经成为形容词,如amusing,annoying,astonishing,attracting,boring,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,embarrassing,exciting,fascinating,frightening,interesting,inspiring,inviting,p
2、leasing,puzzling,shocking,surprising,tiring等,都具有主动意义,译成“令人…的”,但是missing是主动表示被动。这些词同普通形容词一样可以由副词修饰,也可以有比较等级。问:这些词能做定语和补语吗?Thestoryisamusing,moreamusingthanalltheothers.注意:go,come,sit,stand等动词后面能接-ing作表语(或理解为状语)。如:Jimhasgonefishing.I’drathercomewalkingwithhim.Wesattellingstoriestothechil
3、dren.Hestoodwatchingthefootballmatch.2.宾语以下几类动词可以接现在分词作宾补:1)see,hear,smell,feel,watch,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等表示感觉的动词,现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生。Canyousmellanythingburning?Isawthemswimminginthepooljustnow.2)have,keep,get,set,send,leave等表示“致使”等意义的动词。Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.Hisremarksleft
4、mewonderinghisrealpurpose.注意:感觉动词后面的现在分词宾补表示正在进行的动作,即非全过程;要表示动作的全过程,要用不定式。Isawhimcrossingtheroad.Isawhimcrosstheroad.3.定语现在分词可以前置和后置。1)前置通常由一个现在分词承当。hard-workingpeople,thatnever-endingquarrel,fine-lookingbuildings,anEnglish-speakingman;2)后置通常由一个现在分词短语承当。IhaveafriendlivinginLondon.Willt
5、hepeoplesittingatthebackpleasekeepquiet?4.状语1)时间状语常在句首。Hearingthebadnews,sheburstintotears.Once,whileworkingonanewinvention,Edisonmade8,000testswithoutsuccess.Havingarrivedatadecision,theyimmediatelysettowork.2)条件状语较少见,常在句首。Workinghard,youwillmakeit.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvalu
6、abletime.3)原因状语常在句首。Notunderstandingtheproblem,heaskedtheteacheragain.Beingashyman,Einsteindidnotattendhisfiftiethbirthdayparty.HavinglivedinBerlinsomanyyears,heknewthecityquitewell.4)结果状语常在句末。Hedroppedthecup,breakingitintopieces.OnebyonePetersoldhistomatoes,gettingonlyasmallamountofth
7、eirworth.5)程度状语常在句末。Thesoupisboilinghot.Itisfreezingcold.6)伴随状语常在句末,表示伴随情况、行为方式、补充说明等。Theystoodattheroadside,watchingtheprocession.Thechildrenranout,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Hesatatthewindowreading.7)独立成分表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度。Judgingfromwhatyousay,hehasdonehisbest.Generallyspeaking,thisbo