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1、1TheArtofWarBySunTzuTranslatedbyLionelGilesI.LayingPlans1.SunTzusaid:TheartofwarisofvitalimportancetotheState.2.Itisamatteroflifeanddeath,aroadeithertosafetyortoruin.Henceitisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.3.Theartofwar,then,isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors,tobetak
2、enintoaccountinone'sdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.4.Theseare:(1)TheMoralLaw;(2)Heaven;(3)Earth;(4)TheCommander;(5)Methodanddiscipline.5,6.TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler,sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirliv
3、es,undismayedbyanydanger.7.Heavensignifiesnightandday,coldandheat,timesandseasons.8.Earthcomprisesdistances,greatandsmall;dangerandsecurity;opengroundandnarrowpasses;thechancesoflifeanddeath.9.TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom,sincerely,benevolence,courageandstrictness.10.By
4、methodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions,thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers,themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy,andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.11.Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral:hewhoknowsthemwillbevictori
5、ous;hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.212.Therefore,inyourdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions,letthembemadethebasisofacomparison,inthiswise:--13.(1)WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw?(2)Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability?(3)Withwhomlietheadvantagesderive
6、dfromHeavenandEarth?(4)Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced?(5)Whicharmyisstronger?(6)Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained?(7)Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment?14.BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.15.Thegene
7、ralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit,willconquer:letsuchaoneberetainedincommand!Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounselnoractsuponit,willsufferdefeat:--letsuchaonebedismissed!16.Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel,availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrule
8、s.17.Accordingascircumstancesaref
