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1、Chapter1LayingPlans1.SunTzusaid:TheartofwarisofvitalimportancetotheState.2.Itisamatteroflifeanddeath,aroadeithertosafetyortoruin.Henceitisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.3.Theartofwar,then,isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors,tobetakeninto
2、accountinone'sdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.4.Theseare:(1)TheMoralLaw;(2)Heaven;(3)Earth;(4)TheCommander;(5)Methodanddiscipline.5,6.TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler,sothattheywillfoll
3、owhimregardlessoftheirlives,undismayedbyanydanger.7.Heavensignifiesnightandday,coldandheat,timesandseasons.8.Earthcomprisesdistances,greatandsmall;dangerandsecurity;opengroundandnarrowpasses;thechancesoflifeanddeath.9.TheCommanderstandsforthevirtueso
4、fwisdom,sincerely,benevolence,courageandstrictness.10.Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions,thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers,themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy,andthecontrolofmilitary
5、expenditure.11.Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral:hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious;hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.12.Therefore,inyourdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions,letthembemadethebasisofacomparison,inthiswise:--13.(1)Wh
6、ichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw?(2)Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability?(3)WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth?(4)Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced?(5)Whicharmyisstronger?(6)Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighly
7、trained?(7)Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment?14.BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.15.Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit,willconquer:letsuchaoneberetainedincommand!Thegeneralthatheark
8、ensnottomycounselnoractsuponit,willsufferdefeat:--letsuchaonebedismissed!16.Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel,availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrules.17.Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable,oneshouldmodifyone'splans.18.
