《国际商务》(查尔斯 英文第九版)期末复习重点.pdf

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1、Chapter1globalizationWhatisglobalization?Theglobalizationofmarkets.Itreferstothemergingofhistoricallydistinctandseparatenationalmarketsintoonehugeglobalmarketplace.TheglobalizationofproductionItreferstothesourcingofgoodsandservicesfromlocationsaroundtheglobetotakeadvantageofnationaldifferencesint

2、hecostandqualityoffactorsofproduction.Factorsofproduction:(1)land,(2)capital,(3)labor,(4)energyWhychinalosingtheirpositionofglobalfactory?(1)Agingpopulation.Thepopulationofthechinaisaging,whichleadschinatolosingtheiradvantageofcheaperlaborsthatresultingthecostofproductioninchinaisgoinghigher.(2)E

3、xpensiveland.ThehighercostoflandisanotherreasonthatleadstoChinalosingitspositionofglobalfactory.Intheearlytime,itisfreeforforeigncompanytouselandinChinatobuildupafactory.Butitisnotfreeforthemanymore.Becauseoftheincreasingpriceofland,manycompanyaremovingtheirfactoriestoothercountries.Thedifference

4、sbetweentheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)andWorldBank（WB）.TheIMFwasestablishedtomaintainorderintheinternationalmonetarysystem;theWBwassetuptopromoteeconomicdevelopment.Inashortword,theIMFalwaysgivesahandtothecountriesincrisis,anditoftenofferstheshort-termloan.TheWBalwaysloanmoneytocountrybuildthe

5、irinfrastructurewithlong-termloan.DriversofglobalizationDecliningtradeandinvestmentbarriersInternationaltradeoccurswhenafirmexportsgoods&servicestoconsumersinanothercountry.Foreigndirectinvestment(FDI)occurswhenafirminvestsresourcesinbusinessactivitiesoutsideitshomecountry.Theroleoftechnologicalc

6、hangeMicroprocessorsandtelecommunicationsMoore’slaw,whichpredictsthatthepowerofmicroprocessortechnologydoublesanditscostofproductionfallsinhalfevery18months.TheinternetandworldwidewebTransportationtechnologyImplicationsfortheglobalizationofproductionImplicationsfortheglobalizationofmarketsThechan

7、gingdemographicsoftheglobaleconomyThechangingworldoutputandworldtradepictureThechangingforeigndirectinvestmentpictureThechangingnatureofthemultinationalenterpriseThechangingworldorderTotalitarianism———democracyPlanmark