罗宾斯管理学双语教学讲稿13.doc

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1、13ManagingChangeandInnovation1.INTRODUCTION.Changeandchangemanagementareimportantaspectsofthemanager'sjob.Managingchangeandinnovationarethefocusofthischapter.2.WHATISCHANGE?Organizationalchangeisdefinedasanyalterationinpeople,structure,ortechnology.Changeiseverpresentinorganizati

2、onsandcannotbeeliminated.Instead,weneedtolookatthekeyissuesrelatedtomanagingchange.3.FORCESFORCHANGE.Thereareexternalandinternalforcesthatcreatetheneedforchange.A.Externalforcesthatcreatetheneedforchangecomefromvarioussources.1.Themarketplace2.Governmentlawsandregulations3.Techno

3、logy4.Labormarkets5.EconomicchangesB.Internalforcestendtooriginateprimarilyfromtheinternaloperationsoftheorganizationorfromtheimpactofexternalchanges-1.Changesinstrategy2.Changesintheworkforce3.Newequipment4.ChangeinemployeeattitudesC.TheManagerasChangeAgent.Changerequiresacataly

4、st.Themanagermayactasachangeagent,whichisanindividualwhoactsasacatalystandmanagesthechangeprocess.4.TWOVEWSOFTHECHANGEPROCESS.Twoverydifferentmetaphorscanbeusedtodescribethechangeprocess.A.Thecalmwatersmetaphorcharacterizestheprocessofchangeasbeinglikeashipcrossingacalmsea.It'sbe

5、stillustratedbyLewin'sthree-stepprocessforchange.(SeeExhibit13.1)1.Unfreezingtheequilibriumisthefirststep.Thiscanbeaccomplishedinoneofthreeways.a.Increasingdrivingforces,whichdirectbehaviorawayfromthestatusquo.b.Decreasingrestrainingforces,whichhindermovementfromtheexistingequili

6、brium.c.Combiningthetwoapproaches.1.Thenextstepistoimplementthechangeitself.2.Thefinalstepistorefreezethesituation.A.Thewhite-waterrapidsmetaphordescribeschangethattakesplaceinuncertainanddynamicenvironments.B.Ifweputthetwoviewsinperspective,wemustnotethatnoteverymanagerfacesawor

7、ldofconstantandchaoticchange.However,thenumberofmanagerswhodon'tfacethistypeofenvironmentisdwindlingfast!1.MANAGINGCHANGE.Aschangeagents,managersaremotivatedtoinitiatechangebecausetheyarecommittedtoimprovingorganizationalperformance.A.TypesofChange.Themanager'soptionsforchangeess

8、entiallyfallintothreecategories:structur