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1、疼痛的生物心理社会机制及其管理（编译）Pain:BiopsychosocialMechanismandManagementFrancisJ.KeefeOhioUniversityAbstract:Traditionally,painhasbeenviewedasasensoryeventwarningoftissuedamageorillness.Thisexplanationfailstoaccountformanyoftheexperiencesofpeoplesufferingfromclinic
2、allypainfulconditions.Overthepasttwodecades,anewbiopsychosocialperspectiveonpainhasemerged.Thisperspectiveemphasizesthatpainisadynamicprocessthatnotonlyisinfluencedbybiological,psychological,andsocialmechanismsofpain,butalsoproducesbiological,psychologic
3、al,andsocialchangesthatcanaffectfutureresponsestopain.Thisreviewpresentsfindingsfromrecentstudiesofthebiological,psychological,andsocialmechanismsofpainanddiscussestheimplicationsofthesefindingsforpainresearch,assessment,prevention,andtreatment,aswellasf
4、orhealthcarepolicy.疼痛的生物心理社会机制及其管理摘要：传统意义上，疼痛被视为警示某种组织损伤或疾病的感觉事件。但是这种解释没有考虑人们忍受临床上痛苦状况的经历。在过去的二十年里，一种新的关于疼痛的生物心理社会机制的观点出现了。这种观点强调疼痛是一种动态过程，疼痛不仅受个体的生理、心理和社会因素的影响，而且还能通过造成个体生理、心理和社会的改变，从而影响个体未来对疼痛的反应。本文展示了最近有关疼痛的生理的、心理的、社会机制的研究成果，并讨论了这些发现对于疼痛的研究、评估、预防和治疗以及
5、健康护理政策的启示。Summary：Forcenturies,painhasbeenviewedasawarningsignoftissuedamage.Thetraditionalmodelofpain,hasanumberofimportantlimitations.Overthepasttwodecades,anewbiopsychosocialperspectiveonpainhasemerged.Thisperspectiveemphasizesthatpainisadynamicproces
6、sthatnotonlyisinfluencedbybiological,psychological,andsocialmechanismsofpain,butalsoproducesbiological,psychological,andsocialchangesthatcanaffectfutureresponsestopain.PAINMECHANISMSANDMANAGEMENT:ABIOPSYCHOSOCIALPERSPECTIVEThebiopsychosocialmodelmaintain
7、sthatpainisacomplexphenomenonthatisaffectedbybiologicalmechanisms,psychologicalmechanisms,andsocialmechanisms.Thismodelviewspainasadynamicprocessthatnotonlyisinfluencedbybiological,psychological,andsocialmechanisms,butalsoproducesbiological,psychological
8、,andsocialchangesthat,inturn,affectfutureresponsestopain.BiologicalMechanismsandManagementRecentstudiesshowthatpersistentpaincanproducechangesinthenervoussystempathwaysresponsibleforthetransmissionandperceptionofpainmessag
