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1、do主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主宾表定状补不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√动词-ingdoinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√过去分词done√√√√非谓语动词ThePastParticple过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。I.Pastparticipleusedasattribute（定语）1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的
2、名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。2.作用：相当于一个定语从句（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfor
3、tonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）hassomethingtodowithdailylife.（表示完成）Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）hasnothingtodowithdailylife.（表示正在进行）II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，被动或完成其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Th
4、ewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.与动词-ing作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.常见的这类词有：interesting—interestedencouraging—encourageddelighting—delighteddisappoint
5、ing—disappointedpleasing—pleasedpuzzling—puzzledsatisfying—satisfiedsurprising—surprisedworrying—worriedamazing－amazedshocking－shockedIII.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语)1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,like,order+sth.+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe
6、)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.能够接过去分词做宾语补足语的有下列三类动词：2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice,observe,+sth.+donee.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?3.使役动词:make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.e
7、.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.4.在“with/without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。Hehadhismoneystolen.他的
8、钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：Hehadhislegbroken
