高三一轮复习句子成分(ks5u高考资源网).ppt

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1、tSentencecomponent语法专题(3)英语句子成分有八种:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表示。Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）2)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）3)One-thirdofthes

2、tudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）4)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）5)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）6)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）7)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）8)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2.谓语(Predicate)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特

3、征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2)复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。Wearestudents.3.表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由下列结构表示。1)OurteacherofEnglish

4、isanAmerican.（名词）2)Isityours?（代词）3)Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4)Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5)Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）6)HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7)Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）9)Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句

5、）4.宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lendmeyourdictionary.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.1)Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.（名词）2)Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）3)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）4)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirh

6、ouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）5)Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）6)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）7)Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）8)Hefoundithardtosolvetheproblem.（it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式）5.宾语补足语(ObjectComplement)：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。1)HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）2)Th

7、eypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）3)Letthefreshairin.（副词）4)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）5)Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）6)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）7)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）6.定语(Attribute)