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时间:2020-05-22
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1、CognitivePsychologyLecture3:LongTermMemorySeptember2007JohnTonerSchacter&Tulving(1994)Declarative:{Non-declarative:{OverviewofLectureSemanticMemoryEpisodicMemoryPerceptualRepresentationsProceduralMemoryVowelCountingappleVowelCountingchairVowelCountinglightVowelCoun
2、tingsyrupVowelCountingswordVowelCounting!DigitTaskCountingbackwardsfrom70in8’sListthenext5numbersinthissequence70,62,54,__,__,__,__,__Anagrams(5seconds)bianrAnagrams(5seconds)ciarhAnagrams(5seconds)atlpnAnagrams(5seconds)gtilhAnagrams(5seconds)enotsAnagrams(5second
3、s)purysAnagrams(5seconds)STOPbianrbrianciarhchairatlpnplantgtilhlightenotsstonepuryssyrupDesignFirstandlastvowelcountingwordsnotusedDistractiontaskAnagramsforbothprimedandunprimedwordsassimilaraspossibleExplicit&ImplicitMemoryExplicitmemoryinvolvesconsciousrecollec
4、tionofpreviousexperience.Itiswhatmostpeoplegenerallyrefertoas‘memory’ImplicitMemoryisanunintentional,non-consciousformofretention.ItcanberevealedwhenperformanceonataskisfacilitatedwithoutconsciousrecollectionExplicit&ImplicitMemoryExamplesofImplicitMemory:Findingak
5、eyquicklyandturningitefficientlyinalockDecidingthat‘doctor’isawordhappensfasterafterpresentationof‘nurse’ratherthan‘north’Explicit&ImplicitMemoryRuleofThumb:Explicitmemoryisoftenassociatedwithincreasedbrainactivity,whileimplicitmemoryisassociatedwithdecreasedactiva
6、tionCanweprovethatanyexperimentaltaskdoesnotuseexplicitmemory?LongTermMemorySystemsProposedbySchacter&Tulving(1994)Memorysystemshandleinformationwithinagivenclassordomain(e.g.episodicmemorydealswithmemoryofevents)Propertiesofasystem:Rulesofoperation,neuralsubstrate
7、sandfunctionofasystemdistinguishitConvergentdissociations:Agivenmemorysystemshouldbedifferentfromotherssystemsinclear,welldefinedwaysEpisodicMemory(Declarative)ThisreferstothestorageandretrievalofspecificeventsorepisodesoccurringinaparticularplaceataparticulartimeS
8、emanticMemory(Declarative)Thisreferstoinformationaboutourstockofknowledgeabouttheworld2+2=4“Moo”EpisodicvSemanticWheeleretal1997:episodicmemoryin
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