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《2016届高考英语二轮语法专项课件:定语从句(新人教版).ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在PPT专区-天天文库。
1、定语从句一、关系代词的用法1.that和which的用法(1)限制性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况:①当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时。Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②当先行词前面被theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。Thisistheonlythingthathasbeentried.③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebesttha
2、thasbeenusedagainstpollution.④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?⑦有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that。Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatc
3、ouldcausepollution.⑧当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.(2)定语从句中必须用which的情况:①在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.②当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.注意:在一些固定搭配的
4、动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。Thisisthepen(which/that)I'mlookingfor.不可以说:ThisisthepenforwhichI'mlooking.2.who,whom和whose的用法当先行词指人,在定语从句中作主语时,用who,不可省略;在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/that,可以省略;在定语从句中作定语时,用whose,不可省略。Sheisthegirlwholivesnextdoor.That'sthegirl(whom/that)Iteach.3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导
5、定语从句时,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),即:介词+which/whom。(1)当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用which或whom,且不能省略。Theymaystartasagroupofhighschoolstudents,forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone'shouseisthefirststeptofame.(2)在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。Thisisthehero(t
6、hat/who/whom)weareproudof.(3)“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtallappletree.(4)介词+which/whom+不定式结构。Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.4.as和which的区别(1)as引导的非限制性
7、定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容,而不是主句中的某一个词。Asisknowntoall,fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth,asweknow.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(2)当非限制性定语从
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