二语习得引论 读书笔记 chapter 1-2.doc

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1、一．概论Chapter1.IntroducingSLA1.Secondlanguageacquisition(SLA)2.Secondlanguage(L2)（也可能是第三四五外语）alsocommonlycalledatargetlanguage(TL)Refersto:anylanguagethatistheaimorgoaloflearning.ScopesTakesplaceinExamplesInformalL2learningNaturalisticcontexts“pickup”InteractingFormalL2

2、learningClassesorcoursesClassesL2learningthatinvolvesamixtureofformalandinformallearningNaturalisticcontextscombinedwithClassesorcoursesInteractingandlearninginclassesatthesametime3.Basicquestions:1).WhatexactlydoestheL2learnercometoknow?2).Howdoesthelearneracquirethi

3、sknowledge?3).Whyaresomelearnersmoresuccessfulthanothers?DifferentanswersfromdifferentfieldsFieldsEmphasizeLinguistsCharacteristicsofthedifferencesandsimilaritiesinthelanguagesthatarebeinglearned;Thelinguisticcompetence(underlyingknowledge)andlinguisticperformance(act

4、ualproduction).PsychologistsandpsycholinguistsThementalorcognitiveprocessesinvolvedinacquisition;Therepresentationoflanguagesinthebrain.SociolinguistsVariabilityinlearnerlinguisticperformance;Communicativecompetence(pragmaticcompetence).SocialpsychologistsGroup-relate

5、dphenomena;Theinteractionalandlargersocialcontextsoflearning.AppliedlinguistsaboutSLAAnyoneormoreperspectivesabove;Theoryandresearchforteaching.4.3mainperspectives:linguistic;psychological;social.Onlyone(x)Combine(√)Chapter2.FoundationsofSLAⅠ.Theworldofsecondlanguages

6、1.Multi-;bi-;mono-lingualism1)Multilingualism:theabilitytouse2ormorelanguages.(bilingualism:2languages;multilingualism:>2)2)Monolingualism:theabilitytouseonlyonelanguage.3)Multilingualcompetence(VivianCook,Multicompetence)Refersto:thecompoundstateofamindwith2ormoregra

7、mmars.4)Monolingualcompetence(VivianCook,Monocompetence)Refersto:knowledgeofonlyonelanguage.2.Peoplewithmulticompetence(auniquecombination)≠2monolingualsWorlddemographicshows:3.Acquisition4.ThenumberofL1andL2speakersofdifferentlanguagescanonlybeestimated.1)Linguistici

8、nformationisoftennotofficiallycollected.2)Answerstoquestionsseekinglinguisticinformationmaynotbereliable.3)Alackofagreemento