二语习得引论 读书笔记 chapter 3.docx

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1、二．主要研究成果Chapter3.ThelinguisticsofSLAⅠ.ThenatureoflanguageⅡ.EarlyapproachestoSLA1.ContrastiveAnalysis(CA)1).asabeginningofthesurvey:waspectsofitsproceduresarestillincorporatedinmorerecentapproaches.wItintroducedtheinfluenceofL1onL2(Chomsky)2).CA:anapproachtothestudyofSLAwhichinvolvespredicting

2、andexplaininglearnerproblemsbasedonacomparisonofL1andL2todeterminesimilaritiesanddifferences.(BasedonidealizedlinguisticstructuresattributedtonativespeakersofL1andL2)3).influencedbyStructuralismandBehaviorism.4).GoalofCAwasprimarilypedagogicalinnature:toincreaseefficiencyinL2teachingandtestin

3、g.5).Process:wDescribingL1andL2atdifferentlevelwAnalyzingcomparablesegmentofthelanguageforelementsthatmaycauseproblemsforlearners(interference)TypesofinterferenceExamplessameformandmeaning;differentdistributionlaspalomasblancas(Spanish)thewhitedovessamemeaning;differentformkitties小猫们samemeani

4、ng;differentformanddistributionwater(n.v.)水（名）differentform;partialoverlapinmeaningleg腿，蹄，下肢similarform;differentmeaningasistir(Spanish“toattend”)assist(English“tohelp”)6).Assessment:wCannotexplainthelogicalproblemoflanguagelearning(howlearnersknowmorethanthey’veheardandbeentaught)wNotalwaysv

5、alidatedbyevidencefromactuallearnererrors.wStimulatedthepreparationofcomparativegrammarwItsanalyticprocedureshavebeenusefullyappliedtodescriptivestudiesandtotranslation1.Erroranalysis(EA)1).EA:thefirstapproachtothestudyofSLAwhichincludesaninternalfocusonlearner’screativeabilitytoconstructlang

6、uage.(basedonthedescriptionandanalysisofactuallearnererrorsinL2)2).CA→EAwPredictionsbyCAnotalwayscorrect;manyreallearnererrorsarenottransferredfromL1wFocusonsurface-levelformsandpatterns→underlyingruleswBehaviorism→mentalism(emphasisontheinnatecapacity)wTeachingconcernsasmotivation↓3).Procedu

7、resforanalyzinglearnererrors:wCollectionofasampleoflearnerlanguagewIdentificationoferrorswDescriptionoferrorswExplanationoferrorswEvaluationoferrors4).ShortcomingswAmbiguityinclassificationwLackofpositivedatawPotentialforavoidance2.Interlangu