词汇学引论1-5单元重点.doc

《词汇学引论1-5单元重点.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、1单元Languageisasystemofsymbolsbasedonphysiology,psychologyandphysics.itisaspecificsocialactionandacarrierofinformationusedforhumancommunicationinasociety.Linguisticisthescientificstudyoflanguage.itisthestudyofhumanspeechincludingtheunits,nature,structureandmodificationoflanguage.Le

2、xicologyisthebranchoflinguisticconcernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyofagivenlanguage.Phoneticsisthestudyandsystematicclassificationofthesoundsmadeinspokenutterance,thatis,thestudyofspeech.DiachronicconcernedwithhistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageSynchronicmeansdescribingalanguageasitex

3、istsatonepointoftime2单元EtymologyisthestudyoftheoriginandhistoryofwordsandtheirmeaningsOldEnglish:theperiodof450to11501theprounciationoftheoldEnglishwordsdifferssomewhatfromthatofmiddleEnglishwords.thelongvowelshavechangedagreatdeal.2thevocabularyofoldEnglishconsistedmainlyofAnglo-

4、Saxonwords,butwhentheNormanconquestin1066,muchoftheEnglishvocabularywasreplacedbywordsborrowedfromFrenchandLatin.3oldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage.Ithasacompletesystemofdeclensionswithfourcasesandconjunction.Syntheticlanguageisonewhichshowstherelationofwordsinasentencelargely

5、bymeansofinflectionDeclension:theinflectionofnousandpronounsandadjectivesinIndo-EuropeanlanguageConjugation:theinflectionofverbsNativelanguagearethefoundationandthecoreoftheEnglishvocabularyAliensarewordsborrowedfromaforeignlanguageDenizensarewordstakenfromaforeignlanguagewithatra

6、nsformationoftheforeignsoundandspellingTranslation-loansarewordsborrowedfromforeignlanguagebymeansoftranslationSemanticborrowings:wordswhichhaveacquiredanewmeaningundertheinfluenceofotherlanguageSemantics:isamajorbranchoflinguisticsdevotedtothestudyofmeaning.3单元Word:awordisaminimu

7、mfreeform,thatistosay,thesmallestformthatmayappearinisolation.Morpheme:isthesmallestsignificantunitofspeechAllomorph:avariantphonologicalrepresentationofamorphemeFreeform:isonewhichcanoccurasaseparateword.Boundform:isonewhichcannotoccuronitsownasaseparateword.Motivation:istherelat

8、ionshipbetweenthestructureofaword