英美国家概况知识点整理.doc

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1、CountryUKIrelandAustraliaNewZealandAmericanCanadaLanguageEnglishIrishEnglishEnglishMaoriEnglishEnglishFrenchEnglishOriginalpeopleCelticsTheAboriginesMaoriIndiansAboriginalCapitalLondon...DublinCanberraWellingtonWashingtonD.C.OttawaLargestcountry6th2thGovern

2、mentparliamentarydemocracy&constitutionalmonarchyWashminster3Parliament3ConstitutionFederalsystemWashminsterTheunitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandContain50ormorecountriesCommonwealthofNations(50)→EuropeanUnion(28)EnglandLondoncapitalcultural,busin

3、ess,financialcenterCelticsoriginalpeopleRomanEmpirecombinethesmallkingdomsintoaunitedonecalledEnglandAnglo-SaxonVikingandDanishNormanCharlestheFirst’sattempttooverruleparliamentcivilwarScotlandEdinburghcapitalGlassgowlargestGaelicWalesCardiffcapitalWelshNor

4、thernIreland“TheSixCounties”BelfastcapitalConflictethnicallydistinctfromthemajorityofBritishpeopleGeographicallyNorthandSouthofIrelandReligiouslyProtestantandCatholicsMostIrishpeopleremainedCatholics,whilemostBritishpeoplehadbecomeProtestant1921thesouthern2

5、6countiesformedanindependent“freestate”,whilethe6north-easterncountiesremainedapartoftheUKJurisdiction:theRepublicofIrelandGreatBritainitsownelectedexecutivegovernmentoftenministersGovernmentTheprocessofstated-buildinghasbeenoneofevolutionratherthanrevoluti

6、onBothaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyQueenistheofficialheadofstateGovernor-GeneralfulfilltheroleofmonarchinAustralia,Canada,NewZealandIsraelandBritainaretheonlytwocountieswithoutwrittenconstitutionsofthesortwithmostcountrieshaveMonarchyThe

7、oldestinstitutionofgovernmentThe“divinerightofkings”authorityfromGodCivilwarbetweenrepublican“Roundheads”ledbyOliverCromwellKingshouldnotexerciseabsolutepower→symbolizethetraditionandunityoftheBritishstateQueennon-political1.Headoftheexecutive2.Anintergralp

8、artofthelegislature3.Headofthejudiciary4.Commanderinchiefofthearmedforcesand“supremegovernor”oftheChurchofEnglandParliamentFirstusedofficiallyin1236todescribethegatheringoffeudalbaronsandrepresentative