英美国家概况知识点整理

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1、实用文档CountryUKIrelandAustraliaNewZealandAmericanCanadaLanguageEnglishIrishEnglishEnglishMaoriEnglishEnglishFrenchEnglishOriginalpeopleCelticsTheAboriginesMaoriIndiansAboriginalCapitalLondon...DublinCanberraWellingtonWashingtonD.C.OttawaLargestcountry6th2thGovernmentparliamentarydemocracy&constitu

2、tionalmonarchyWashminster3Parliament3ConstitutionFederalsystemWashminsterTheunitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandContain50ormorecountriesCommonwealthofNations(50)→EuropeanUnion(28)EnglandLondoncapitalcultural,business,financialcenterCelticsoriginalpeopleRomanEmpirecombinethesmallkingdoms

3、intoaunitedonecalledEnglandAnglo-SaxonVikingandDanishNormanCharlestheFirst’sattempttooverruleparliamentcivilwarScotland文案大全实用文档EdinburghcapitalGlassgowlargestGaelicWalesCardiffcapitalWelshNorthernIreland“TheSixCounties”BelfastcapitalConflictethnicallydistinctfromthemajorityofBritishpeopleGeograp

4、hicallyNorthandSouthofIrelandReligiouslyProtestantandCatholicsMostIrishpeopleremainedCatholics,whilemostBritishpeoplehadbecomeProtestant1921thesouthern26countiesformedanindependent“freestate”,whilethe6north-easterncountiesremainedapartoftheUKJurisdiction:theRepublicofIrelandGreatBritainitsownele

5、ctedexecutivegovernmentoftenministersGovernmentTheprocessofstated-buildinghasbeenoneofevolutionratherthanrevolutionBothaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyQueenistheofficialheadofstateGovernor-GeneralfulfilltheroleofmonarchinAustralia,Canada,NewZealandIsraelandBritainaretheonlytwoco

6、untieswithoutwrittenconstitutionsofthesortwithmostcountrieshaveMonarchyTheoldestinstitutionofgovernmentThe“divinerightofkings”authorityfromGodCivilwarbetweenrepublican“Roundheads”ledbyOliverCromwellKingshouldnotexerciseabsolutepower文案大全实用文档→symbolizethetraditionandunityoftheBritishstateQueennon-

7、political1.Headoftheexecutive2.Anintergralpartofthelegislature3.Headofthejudiciary4.Commanderinchiefofthearmedforcesand“supremegovernor”oftheChurchofEnglandParliamentFirstusedofficiallyin1236todescribethegatheringoffeudalbar