英美概况美国部分整理

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1、AmericaØTheFoundingofColonies殖民地的建立FirstInhabitants：AmericanIndiansDiscoveryoftheNewWorld：1492ChristopherColumbus→thediscovererofAmerica(Italian)SpanishQueen’ssupport1501-2AmerigoVespucci→thenewlandwasnameafterhimasAmerica.reachedthemouthofAmazonRiverAmerica—theNewWorldEurope—theOldWorld13colonies：N

2、ewEnglandColonies:MidAtlanticColonies:SouthernColonies:Massachusetts→（2ndcolony，1620）NewYorkMarylandNewHampshirePennsylvaniaVirginia→（1stcolony，1607）RhodeIslandDelawareNorthCarolinaConnecticutSouthCarolinaGeorgia→（thelastcolony，1733）NewEnglandRegion（6个）:Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,Connecticut,NewHamps

3、hire,MaineandVermont建立原因：Virginia,1607VirginiaCompanyForforeignexpansionasawayofeasingreligiousdisputeandeconomicdistressinEngland105men(nowomen)JamestowninhonorofthekingMassachusettsIn1620102Puritans(“PilgrimFathers”),inMayflower,fromPlymouthinEnglandtoAmericaFirstinPlymouth(today’sMassachusetts);a

4、ndthenBostonSeekreligiousfreedomMayflowerCompact<五月花号公约>：self-governmentHardshipswhenarrivedthehelpoftheIndiansThanksgivingDaytothanktheIndiansandtheGodforprotectionThenextthreecoloniesRhodeIsland,Connecticut,NewHampshireReasons:1.religiousdisputesandstrugglesinMassachusettsintensified2.moreimmigran

5、tsMaineandVermontReason:Proximity(邻近)Non-EnglishColoniesNewYork,NewJerseywerefirstcolonizedbytheDutch.DelawarewasfoundedbytheSwedish.Pennsylvania:Quakers/theSocietyofFriends(anothergroupofEnglishProtestant)WilliamPenn,thefounderGrantedcoloniesMarylandgrantedbyCharlesItohisfriendLordBaltimoreasarefug

6、eforEnglishCatholics.SouthCarolinaandNorthCarolinagivenbyCharlesIItohiseightclosesupporters.ThelastcolonyGeorgiaAhaven(港口，避难所)forEnglishprisonersofdebtwhocouldnotdischargetheirdebts.ØTheEarlyImmigrants最初的殖民与殖民生活WhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestants(WASPs)Reasonstoimmigrate:1.religiousdisputes（persecuteCatholi

7、csandProtestants）2.tobecomerichintheNewWorld(Protestantworkethic)3.poormenasindenturedservants（契约劳工）4.convictsAmericanculture:AblendingofEuropeancultures,butnotameretransplantation.Newvalues:1.newidea