高考化学考点专题归纳复习 无机化学方程式总结

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1、高考化学考点专题归纳复习无机化学方程式总结考点40无机化学方程式总结§1◆碱金属元素4Na+2===2Na22Na2+2Na224Na+222Na222Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2===2NaH+H2↑　　Na2+H2===2NaH2Na22+2H2===4NaH+2↑此反应分两步Na22+2H2===2NaH+H22；2H22===2H2+2)Na2+2===Na232Na22+22===2Na23+2Na23+Hl===NaH3+NalNaH3+Hl===Nal+H2+2↑Na23+2Hl===2Nal+H2+2↑2NaH3Na23+H2+2↑4Li+22Li2

2、2+2H2===2H+H2↑NaH3+NaH==Na23+H2Na23+H2+2=2NaH32NaH+2(少量)==Na23+H2NaH+2（过量）==NaH3Na23+a(H)2=a3↓+2NaH2NaH+S2（少量）===Na2S3+H2NaH+S2（足量）===NaHS3NaH+H2S（足量）===NaHS+H22NaH+H2S（少量）===Na2S+2H22+a(H)2(过量)===a3↓+H222(过量)+a(H)2===a(H3)2Na2+2Hl===2Nal+H2Na2+S3===Na2S4g3g+2↑2Fe(H)3Fe23+3H2u(H)2u+H22Al(H)3Al

3、23+3H2a3+H2+2=a(H3)22NaH+uS4==u(H)2↓+Na2S43NaH+Fel3===Fe(H)3↓+3Nal§2卤族元素l2+uul23l2+2Fe2Fel3l2+2Na2Nall2+H22Hl3l2+2P2Pl3l2+Pl3Pll2+H2==Hl+Hll2+2NaH===Nal+Nal+H22l2+2a(H)2===al2+a(l)2+2H2l2+2Fel2===2Fel3a(l)2+H2+2(少量)==a3↓+2Hla(l)2+2H2+22(多量)==a(H3)2↓+2Hla(l)2+2Hl==al2+2Hl（强制弱）2Hl2Hl+2↑F2+H2===2

4、HF2F2+2H2===4HF+2Br2+H2===2HBr(00)I2+H22HI2l2+2NaBr===2Nal+Br2l2+2I===2l+I2Br2+2I===2Br+I24Hl(浓)+n2nl2+l2↑+2H2Hl+AgN3===Agl↓+HN3Hl+AgN3=Agl↓（白色）+HN3NaBr+AgN3=AgBr↓（浅黄色）+NaN3NaI+AgN3===AgI↓(黄色)+NaN32AgBr2Ag＋Br2(Agl、AgI类似)Na2S3+H2+l2==Na2S4+2HlHl+H2＋S2=H2S4+Hl§3氧族元素H2+SH2S2Na+SNa2SFe+SFeS2u+Su2S

5、S+2S232232H222H2+2↑H2SH2+S2H2S+S2==3S↓+2H22H2S+32（足量）2H2+2S2(l2、Br2、I2、S2都可氧化)H2S+uS4=uS↓+H2S4S2+H2H2S3S2+2NaH=Na2S3+H2Na2S3+H2＋S2=2NaHS3S2+a(H)2=aS3↓+H2S2+22S3l2+S2+2H2=H2S4+2Hl(Br2、I2类似)S3+H2=H2S42Nal+H2S4(浓)Na2S4+2Hl2H2S4(浓)+uuS4+2H2+S2↑2H2S4(浓)+2↑+2H2+2S2↑2Na2S3+2=2Na2S44FeS2+1122F

6、e23+8S2Na2S3+H2S4=Na2S4+S2+H2FeS+2Hl=H2S↑+Fel2FeS+H2S4=H2S↑+FeS4Na2S3+H2+l2==Na2S4+2HlS2(少量)+2NH3+H2===(NH4)2S3S2+(NH4)2S3+H2===2NH4HS3即:S2(足量)+NH3+H2===NH4HS3§4碳族元素+222+222+222+2u2u+2↑3+2Fe234Fe+32↑+uu+23+Fe232Fe+322NaH+2====Na23+H22NaH+S2====Na2S3+H22NaH+S3====Na2S4+H2a(H)2+2====a3↓+

7、H2a(H)2+S2====aS3↓+H2+H2+H2(生成水煤气)+222+Si22↑+SiSi+2Si22F2+Si==SiF4Si+4HF==SiF4↑+2H2↑Si+2NaH+H2=Na2Si3+2H2↑Si2+2NaH===Na2Si3+H2Si2+4HF===SiF4+2H2a+Si2aSi3Si2+Na23Na2Si3+2Si2+a3aSi3+2↑Na2Si3+2Hl==2Nal+H2Si3↓Na2Si3++H2+2==Na23+H2Si3↓§氮族元素N