COMPOUNDS AND MOLECULES - Yale Department of Chemistry化合物和分子-耶鲁大学化学系.ppt

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1、Compounds&MoleculesNaCl,saltBuckyball,C60Ethanol,C2H6OMolecule:Thesmallestidentifiableunitthatretainsthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthepuresubstances.Compounds&MoleculesCOMPOUNDisacombinationof2ormoreelementsindefiniteratiosbymass.Thecharacterofeachelemen

2、tislostwhenformingacompound(e.g.,thinkofNaCl).MOLECULESarethesmallestunitsofacompoundthatretainsthecharacteristicsofthecompound.MOLECULARFORMULASFormulaforglycineisC2H5NO2(descriptionofthecomposition)Inonemoleculethereare2Catoms5Hatoms1Natom2OatomsCONDENSEDF

3、ORMULASFormulaforglycineisNH2CH2CO2H(compositionandfunctionalgroups)Inonemoleculethereare1NH2(aminegroup)1CH2group1CO2HgroupSTRUCTURALFORMULASShowhowtheatomsareattachedwithinamoleculeThelinesbetweenatomsrepresentchemicalbondsthatholdtheatomstogether.WRITINGF

4、ORMULASCanalsowriteglycineasthecondensedformulaH2NCH2COOHshowingfunctionalgroups(atomorderingandconnectivity)orintheformofastructuralformulashowinghowatomsareattachedtoeachother(bondorders)MOLECULARMODELINGBall&stickSpace-fillingDrawingofglycineAnevenhigherl

5、evelofstructuraldetailResourcesforMolecularModelingModelingsoftwareCAChe(GeneralChemistryInteractiveCD-ROM)RasmolMoldenGaussviewMaestroMOLECULARWEIGHTANDMOLARMASSMolecularweight=sumoftheatomicweightsofallatomsinthemolecule.Molarmass=molecularweightingramspe

6、rmol.Whatisthemolarmassofethanol,C2H6O?1molcontains2molesofC(12.01gC/1mol)=24.02gC6molesofH(1.01gH/1mol)=6.06gH1molofO(16.00gO/1mol)=16.00gOTOTAL=molarmass=46.08g/molFormula=Molarmass=TylenolC8H9NO2151.2g/molMolarMassHowmanymolesofalcohol(C2H6O)arethereina“s

7、tandard”canofbeerifthereare21.3gofC2H6O?(a)MolarmassofC2H6O=46.08g/mol(b)Calc.molesofalcoholHowmanymoleculesofalcoholarethereina“standard”canofbeerifthereare21.3gofC2H6O?=2.78x1023moleculesWeknowthereare0.462molofC2H6O.HowmanyatomsofCarethereina“standard”can

8、ofbeerifthereare21.3gofC2H6O?=5.57x1023CatomsThereare2.78x1023molecules.Eachmoleculecontains2Catoms.Therefore,thenumberofCatomsisMolecular&IonicCompoundsHemeNaClMolecularcompoundsconsistofdiscre