Lecture2--英语本科《社会语言学》学习课件.ppt

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1、主讲教师：郑家钦Lecture2讲授题目：LanguageandChange所属章节：《社会语言学与英语学习》之第2章计划学时：2periods教学方法：传统讲授法参考资料：《社会语言学导论》教学目的和要求：通过本章的学习，学生对语言的变化形式，引起语言变化的因素等问题有初步了解。主讲教师：郑家钦2.1.IntroductionEverythingrollson,nothingstaysstill.Timeandtheworldareeverinflight.Bynaturelanguageisacontinuousprocessofd

2、evelopment.Timechangesallthings:thereisnoreasonwhylanguageshouldescapethisuniversallaw.主讲教师：郑家钦2.1IntroductionNoneofthelanguageisstatic.LinguistJeanMalmstrom(吉恩.毛姆斯壮)says(1978)’’Theonlypermanenceischange.’’‘Theonlywaytostopchangeinlanguageistostopitslife.Alanguagethatisd

3、eadisstiffenedintochangelessness.Aslongasitexistsinthemouthsofmen,itwillchange.’’所有的语言都不是静止的。变化永无止境，语言也不例外。活的语言都在变化着，不会变化的语言不是活的语言。主讲教师：郑家钦2.2FormsofLanguageChangeAccordingtosociolinguistWilliamBright,therearetwotypesoflanguagechange:oneisMacrochange,theotherisMicrochang

4、e.Macrochangeindicatesthechangeasawholewithinashorttime,usuallycausedbylanguageplanningornationalstandardizationoflanguage,etc.主讲教师：郑家钦2.2FormsofLanguageChangeMicrochangereferstothesituation:afteroneormorenovelwordsarecreatedandusedbycertainindividualorindividuals,theyar

5、eimitatedandspreadoverthesociety.Suchachangetakesrelativelyalongertime.Wewillanalyzelanguagechangefromthefourparts:phonological,morphological,lexicalsemanticandgrammatical.形态结构的主讲教师：郑家钦2.2.1PhonologicalChangePhonologicalchangeisslowandgradual.LinguistJeanMalmstrompointso

6、utthatGreatVowelShifthappenedbetweenChaucerian＆ShakespeareanTimefromthe14th,the15thtothe16thcentury.ExamplesofchangesinfrontvowelsinChauceriantimearesuch:name[næm]→[neim],mead[meid]→[mi:d]five[fi:v]→[faiv],down[du:n]→[daun],root[rɔ:t]→[ru:t],goat[gɔ:t]→[gəʊt].蜂蜜酒主讲教师：郑家钦

7、ExamplesofchangesbetweenmiddleEnglishandmodernEnglish:GreatVowelShiftMiddleEnglishModernEnglishmice[mi:s]→mice[mais]mouse[mu:s]→mouse[maus]broke[brɔ:k]→broke[brəʊk]主讲教师：郑家钦2.2.1PhonologicalChangeExamplesofchangesbetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglishOldEnglishModernEnglishsta

8、n[sta:n]→stone[stəʊ]ham[ha:m]→homehəʊm]wrat[ra:t]→wrote[rəʊt]rad[ra:d]→rode[rəʊd]主讲教师：郑家钦2.2.2Morpholog