[英语学习]语言学课件

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1、语言学复习资料117Linguistics:AnIntroductionUnitOneTopicstobediscussed:P1u(1)Childrenlearntheirnativelanguageswiftly,efficientlyandwithoutinstruction.u(2)Languageoperatesbyrules.u(3)Alllanguageshavethreemajorcomponents:asoundsystem,asystemoflexicogrammarandasystemofseman

2、tics.(00-I-1)(04-II-1)InvitationstoLinguisticsu1.WhyStudyLanguage?u2.WhatisLanguage?u3.DesignFeaturesofLanguageu4.OriginofLanguageu5.FunctionsofLanguageu6.WhatisLinguistics?u7.MainBranchesofLinguisticsu8.Macrolinguisticsu9.ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics1.WhyS

3、tudyLanguagesuLanguagecanbeusedasawaytofindoutmoreaboutu--howthebrainworksu--howchildrenlearnlanguagesu--howpeoplelearnandteachdifferentlanguageu--whattherelationshipbetweenmeaningandperceptionisu--whattheroleoflanguageisindifferentculturesu--whypeopleusedifferen

4、tvarietiesoflanguageu--whytherearelinguisticdifferencesbetweendifferentgroupsu--howscientistsmakethecomputerworkinamorehuman-likemanner2.WhatIsLanguage?(00-VII-1)uLanguageisameansofverbalcommunication.uLanguagedistinguisheshumanbeingsfromanimalsbecauseitisfarmore

5、sophisticatedthananyanimalcommunicationsystem.3.DesignFeaturesofLanguage117uDesignfeaturesaretheonesthatdefinehumanlanguagesandtheyincludearbitrariness,duality,creativityanddisplacementonly.u(01-II-1)(02-II-1)(05-I-1)(06-I-1)(07–I-1)uThefollowingarethefrequentlyd

6、iscussedones:u(culturaltransmission02-I_1401-I-15,00interchangeability)u(1)Arbitrariness:(06-Ⅷ-1,eg)uTheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnorelationshiptotheirmeaning.(05-II-1)(07-II-8)LevelsofArbitrarinessinclude:u①Arbitraryrelationshipbetweenthesoundofamorphemeanditsme

7、aning.(06-Ⅲ-1)u②Arbitrarinessatthesyntheticlevel:Syntaxislessarbitrarythanwordsu③Arbitrarinessandconvention:Thelinkbetweenalinguisticsignanditsmeaningisconvention.uArbitrarinessoflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative.(04-I-1)(06-II-1)u(2)Duality:uBydualityismeantthe

8、propertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganizat