导学案必修五Unit1(7).doc

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襄阳一中高二年级导学提纲英语必修五编写：梅竹审核：宋书帆使用时间：姓名：考号：Unit1Greatscientists（Period5Grammar）【学习目标】1.理解语法：过去分词作定语和表语。2.能独立完成涉及过去分词用法的练习题，并能活用于书面表达。【学法指导】1.认真阅读导学案，领会过去分词作定语和表语用法。2.独立完成自测试题，再通过小组讨论、讲解等方式理解每道题考点和原因。【知识链接】过去分词作定语和表语一、概述过去分词是非谓语动词的一种重要形式。过去分词可以和助动词be/have/had等构成被动语态和完成时态，还可以用作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语等。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性。过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。二、过去分词作定语1．过去分词作定语时的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。(1)只表示完成不表示被动fallenleaves　　　落叶therisensun　　升起的太阳aretiredteacher一位退休的教师(2)表示被动anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人aguidedtrip　一次有导游的旅行(3)表示被动和完成thebrokenglass　碎了的杯子thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题adividedcountry一个分裂的国家（4）过去分词作定语表示情绪：amaze,embarrass,interest,excite,disappoint,encourage,move,surprise,astonish,delight,frighten,inspire,please,puzzle,terrify,shock,satisfy,worry,confuse,amuse,tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词它们常用来修饰人。2.过去分词的位置前置定语后置定语前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。①Thebrokenvasehasbeenthrownoutside.那个打烂的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。②Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。①Thesuggestion(whichhadbeen)senttothecommitteewasadopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。②ThenameofthefilmstarredinbyGaoYuanyuan(＝whichwasstarredinbyGaoYuanyuan)wasLet’sGetMarried.这部由高圆圆主演的电影的名字叫《咱们结婚吧》。注意　1．过去分词的变形beingdone（正在进行的被动）tobedone（将来的被动）2．现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1)过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系，表示一个已完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。Thisisaletterwritteninblackink.这是一封用黑墨水写的信。TherearesomanypeopleshowinginterestinsurfingtheInternet.那么多人对上网感兴趣。(2)过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或相关的人的自身感受，现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物对别人造成的感受。Haveyounoticedthesurprisedexpressiononhisface?你注意到他脸上惊讶的表情了吗？(他很惊讶)Whatcametouswassurprisingnews.我们得到的是令人吃惊的消息。(消息令人吃惊)三、过去分词作表语1．过去分词可放在系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。　Thedoorremainedlocked.门仍然锁着。2．过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感觉、感受或事物自身的状态，可译作“感到……的”；现在分词作表语则多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。Hebecamediscouraged.他泄气了。Thesituationprovesencouraging.形势是令人鼓舞的。注意　过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别“be＋过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。Thebookiswellwritten.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态)这本书写得很好。Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.(被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作)这本书是一位战士写的。【自测试题】[对接高考]1.(2012·山东高考)Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope______.A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide2.(2012·重庆高考)We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade3.(2012·浙江高考)“It’ssuchaniceplace,”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable______forcustomers.A.tobereservedB.havingreservedC.reservingD.reserved4.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)Theisland,______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined5.(2011·湖南高考)Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected2/2 襄阳一中高二年级导学提纲英语必修五编写：梅竹审核：宋书帆使用时间：姓名：考号：6.(2010·重庆高考)Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired7.(2010·福建高考)InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck8.(2013·高考湖南卷)Youcannotacceptanopinion________toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.A．offering　　　　　B．toofferC．havingofferedD．offered9.(2013·高考陕西卷)Thewitnesses________bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A．questionedB．beingquestionedC．tobequestionedD．havingquestioned10.TheboyinthelastexamisastudentofClassE.A.catchingcheatingB.caughtcheatedC.catchingcheatedD.caughtcheating【当堂训练】完成句子1.Iwonderifthosetheclassroomhearmeandraisemyvoice.(seat)我不知道坐在教室后面的学生是否能听到我的声音，于是我提高了嗓音。2.Thesoilbythestormblockedtheriver.(wash)被风暴冲走的泥沙阻塞了河道。3.Itisoneofthefunniestthingssofarthisyear.(find)这是今年迄今为止在网上发现的最有趣的事情之一。4.TheTownHallwasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.(complete)上世纪完工的大会堂是当时最杰出的建筑物。5.Whatwasaskedtodo,sotheyhadnotimetotakepartinsuchanactivity.(remain)他们被要求做的事还没有完成，因此他们没时间参加这个活动。6.Atthebeginningoftheclass,thenoiseofdeskscouldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(open)刚开始上课时，在教室外都能听见开关书桌的声音。7.Heseemedquitetheideathateveryonehadtherighttospeakoutattheconference.(please)他似乎对每个在会议上都有权力提出看法这一想法很满意。8.Thedriverabigsnowandlostinthewild.(catch)这个司机一定遇上了大雪，并在荒地里迷路了。9.Theteachertheresultandlefttheofficequickly.(seem)这个老师对结果似乎失望了，很快地离开了教室。10.Theboybythepolicehadnoparents.(ask)被警察询问事情真相的男孩已经失去了父母双亲。选做题：1.Canthose_______atthebackoftheclassroomhearme? A.seatB.seatedC.sitD.sat2.Itisoneofthestrangestthings_______inourcitysofarthisyear.A.tofindB.findingC.beingfoundD.found3.Theyfinishedtheprojectinlessthanhalfthetime_______.A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows4.Thehouse_______about50yearsagowasdamagedinanearthquake.A.tobebuiltB.havingbeenbuiltC.builtD.beingbuilt5.Whentheteacherarrivedattheclassroomthismorning,hefoundthe_______windowhadbeenrepaired.A.breakingB.brokenC.brokeD.break6.Therewasan_________lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.A.excitedB.exciteC.excitingD.excitement7.Thelittleboysaidhewouldget_______ifhecamehomelate.A.shoutatB.toshoutatC.shoutedatD.tobeshoutedat8.Theoldwomandidn’tsound_______whenItoldherthenews.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.surprisinglyD.tosurprise9.Myneighborwasveryupsetbecausehiscargot_______lastweekend.A.stealB.stolenC.stealingD.tosteal10.Thechildrenlooked_______,sotheteacherhadtoexplainitagain.A.puzzleB.puzzlingC.puzzledD.topuzzle11.Pricesofdailygoods_______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed13.Don'tusewordsexpressionsorphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known14.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written15.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop. A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating16.——I'mvery________withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.----Mm.Itdoeshavea_________smell.A.pleasant；pleasedB.pleased；pleasedC.pleasant；pleasantD.pleased；pleasant17.Mr.Smith_______ofthe_________speechstartedtoreadanovel.A.tired；boringB.tiring；boredC.tired；boredD.tiring；boring18.TheOlympicGames_______in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying19.Mostoftheartists________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica. A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited20.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit________onhisownfarm. A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow21.Idon'tknowthegirl______inthesnowstorm.A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching22.Thegirl_______downbyacarwasdying.A.knockB.knockingC.knockedD.toknock23.Theproblem_______soquicklylasteveningwillnotbesetagainanywhere.A.havingbeensettledB.settleC.besettledD.settled24.Hetalkedtomelikea______olderbrother. A.concernB.concernedC.concerningD.beingconcerned25.Hetalkedaboutathissuggestions_________byyouyesterday.A.beenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown （Key：1-5BDCCB6-10ACABC11-15BADDC16-20DACAA21-25BCDBB）2/2