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高中英语语法通霸1.冠词的特指、独指和类指指的用法3考点1.定冠词的特指用法定冠词的特指用法：非常明确地指出何人或何物，相当于汉语中的“这个/那个；这些/那些”，可以分为前照应特指、后照应特指和语境特指。A.前照应特指名词带有后置定语来修饰限定这个名词，表明这个名词是特定的某一个。冠词在前面与后面的描述照应。如：Thisisthebookyoulentmeyesterday.这就是你昨天借给我的那本书。ThisistheboyfromEngland.这就是来自英国的那个男孩。1.【2015重庆】Ijustheard____bankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedby______gunmanwearingamask.A.the;/B.a;/C.the;aD.a;the2.【2014陕西】______villagewhereIwasbornhasgrowninto______town.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;theD.A;aB.后照应特指第一次提到某物某人时用不定冠词，再次提到该人该物时用定冠词。冠词在后面与前面相照应。如：Iboughtabookyesterday.Thebookcostme20yuan.3.Thisis_____egg._____eggisbig.A.a;AB.an;AnC.a;TheD.an;The4.Thereis_____bridgeoverthere._____bridgeismadeofwood.A.the;TheB.a;AC.the;AD.a;TheC.语境特指不是建立在上下文的照应关系上，而是建立在谈话双方共有的知识上。如：Openthedoor.把门打开。Whereisthebook？那本书在哪里？5.【2011山东】Takeyourtime—it’sjust_____shortdistancefromhereto_____restaurant.A./;theB.a;theC.the;aD./;a6.【2006北京】Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover_____keyboard.Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear_____computer.A.the;/B.the;aC.a;/D.a;a7.【2008江西】—Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.—Itisnotyourfault.With_____rush-hourtrafficand_____heavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a考点2.独指：指世上独一无二的事定冠词的独指用法：世界上独一无二的事物前，要用定冠词。如：thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld,thesky,theuniverse,etc.8.Wecansee_____sunand_____moonin_____picture.A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the9.It’s_____pleasuretosee_____sunrisingin_____east.A./;the;/B.a;/;/C.a;the;theD./;the;the考点3.类指A.可数名词表示类指时，有三种情况Ahorseisadomestic（[d«ÈmestIk]家养的）animal.=Thehorseisadomesticanimal.=Horsesaredomesticanimals.但是这三种类指方法各有侧重：the指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的(多用于谈论发明物和科技问题)。如：ThecompasswasinventedinChina,butthecomputerwasnot.罗盘是在中国发明的，但计算机不是。a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如：Acathasfourlegs.猫有四条腿。不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。如：Childrenusuallystartwalkingataroundoneyearold.小孩儿一般一岁左右开始走路。Doyoulikehorses?你喜欢马吗？(不能说Doyoulikeahorse?)在类指时如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。Thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.虎有灭绝的危险。(不能说“Atigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.”。濒临灭绝指的是整个虎类，而不是任何一只老虎都面临灭绝的危险。)10._____areverypopularwithpeopleallovertheworld,butdoyouknowwhowasitthatinvented_____telephone?A.Thetelephone;/ B.Telephone;aC.Thetelephones;the D.Telephones;the11._____trainsarefasterthan_____buses.A./;/B.The;/C./;theD.The;a12.【2012江西】TheSmithsdon’tlikestayingat_____hotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelby_____sea.A./;aB.the;theC./;theD.the;a13.【2011全国I】Itisgenerallyacceptedthat_____boymustlearntostandupandfightlike_____man.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;/14.InChina,_____carisbecoming_____popularmeansoftransportation.A.the;aB.a;/C.the;theD.a;the15.【2009北京】Thebiggestwhaleis_____bluewhale,whichgrowstobeabout29meterslong—theheightof_____9-storybuilding.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;aB.不可数名词泛指时不用冠词，特指时用定冠词Waterisaliquid.水是液体。Musicisanart.音乐是艺术。Thewaterinthebottlegoesbad.瓶子里的那些水变坏了。16.Sincehehasnosenseof______humor,I’msurehedidn’tcatch______humorinyourremarks.3 A./;theB.a;the C.a;/D.the;a1.Itisknowntoallthat______lighttravelsfasterthan______sound.A./;/B.a;aC.the;theD.the;/2.【2008湖南】Haveyouheard______news？Thepriceof______petrolisgoingupagain!A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/A.抽象名词前不用冠词可以表示概念在可数名词中，如gotoschool“去上学”，名词前不用冠词可以表示概念，用冠词则表示具体的某一个，如gototheschool“去那所学校（不一定是去上学）”。抽象名词也是这样。如attainindependence表达的是“获得独立”这个概念。the常译作“这个/那个；这些/那些”q3.【2012全国新课标】Sarahlookedat______finishedpaintingwith______satisfaction.A./;aB.a;theC.the;/D.the;a4.【2013新课标I】Indiaattained____independencein1947,after_____longstruggle.A./;aB.the;aC.an;/D.an;the考点2.名词有修饰语时，不一定都是特指Ilikebookswithhardcovers.我喜欢精装书。Ilikethebookswithhardcovers.我喜欢那些精装书。在第一句中，books是泛指精装书这一类书，是类指。在第二句中，是特指，所以用定冠词。在第一句中，withhardcovers是描绘性定语。在第二句中，withhardcovers是限制性定语，指的是那些书中精装的那些，而不是别的。因此，名词有后置修饰语时，名词前用什么冠词，还要从特指和类指的角度来考虑。5.【2000全国】Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith______animalsof______differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.A.the;aB./;aC.the;theD./;the6.【2004北京春】On______newstoday,therewere______reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.A.the;theB.the;/C./;/D./;the7.Asaconsequence，______fruitssuchaspeachesandpearsareinfactrelated,althoughtheyaredifferentat______firstsight.A.the;theB./;theC./;/D.the;/I.单句改错1.【2012全国Ⅱ】Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsavewater.2.【2011全国Ⅰ】OneofmyunforgettablememoriesofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswebroughtfromourhomes.3.【2006山东】Asyouknow,I’mstillburiedinbooksatschoolyouaresofamiliarwith.4.【2008全国Ⅱ】Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympicsaswellasthe2008OlympicGames.5.—Whoinventedacomputer?—Idon’tknow.6.Themeetingisaboutsafetyproblems,suchashowtousetheelectricitysafely.7.Weshould obeythetrafficrules.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）8.【2011福建】Accordingto______(科学家）,doingsportcanbenefitpeoplealotmentallyaswellasphysically.9.【2008浙江】Plantsanda______,includinghumans,needfoodandwatertosurvive.10.Ihavetoride______(自行车)towork,but______(自行车)youboughtyesterdayistoosmall.11.Hewasaddictedtoplayingvideo______(game),whichwaswhyhedroppedoutofschool.12.______(cellphone)arepopularwith______(学生),buttheymayaffecttheirstudies.13.【2008重庆】InmanyplacesinChina,______bicycleisstill______popularmeansoftransportation.14.In______(外国)，livingcostsarehigher.15.Inshort,______(书)canprovideuswithsomanythings.III.写作技能提升遇到名词要考虑是特指还是类指16.水对于我们生活很重要，因此我们要尽我们最大努力来阻止它被污染。（beimportantto,doourbest,prevent…from,pollute）17.我家乡附近那条河里的水已经被严重污染。我们要求政府尽早采取适当的措施来保护它。（bepollutedseriously,demand,thegovernment,takeappropriatemeasures,assoonas）18.都说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。（besaidto,liveasimplelife,beateacher,meaningful）19.计算机在我们生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。（computer,playapart/rolein）20.我将乘出租车去医院，因为出租车比公交车快。（takeataxito,bus）21.钱对于我们来说确实很重要，但它并不代表一切。（domatter,benoteverything）22.在我看来，一个学生应当关心他的学业成绩。（personally,careabout,academicperformance）23.中午的时候在没有任何保护措施的情况下直视太阳对我们的眼睛有害。（beharmfulto,lookstraightat,withoutanyprotection）24.我喜欢门大、窗户大的房子，但是眼前有红屋顶的这一座不是我喜欢的。（house,withbigdoorsandwindows,aredroof,notmytype）25.【2015上海】街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区，(streetartist;bring;neighborhood)326.3 答案高中英语语法通霸20161.C2.A3.D4.D5.B6.B7.B8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.A14.A15.D16.A17.A18.C19.C20.A21B22.B23.C31.a改为the/this/that；这里的problem应该是特指的。2.lunches前面加the；特指带来的“那些饭”。3.在school前加the；特指“你熟悉的那所学校”。4.history前加the；特指奥运会的历史。5.a改为the；类指，在科技上，用“the+名词”表特指。6.去掉electricity前的the；不可数名词不用冠词表特指。7.去掉the；在这里“交通规则”应该是泛指，不用the。8.scientists；用复数表示泛指。9.animals；用复数表示泛指。10.abicycle,thebicycle；前面是类指，后面是特指。11.games；game是可数名词，用复数表示泛指。12.Cellphones,students；复数表示泛指。13.the,a；强调这一类与别的区别时，常用“the+名词单数”表类指。means是单复数同形的可数名词，“方式”。14.foreigncountries；泛指。15.books；用复数表示泛指。16.Waterisimportanttoourlife,sowemustdoourbesttopreventitfrombeingpolluted.17.Thewaterintherivernearmyhometownhasbeenpollutedseriously.Wedemandourgovernmenttakeappropriatemeasurestoprotectitassoonaspossible.18.Teachersaresaidtoliveasimplelife,butIthinkbeingateacherismeaningful.19.Thecomputerplaysamoreandmoreimportantpart/roleinourlife.或Computersplayamoreandmoreimportantpart/roleinourlife.20.Iwilltakeataxitothehospital,for/becausetaxisarefasterthanbuses.21.Moneydoesmattertous,butitisn’teverything.22.Personally,astudentshouldcareabouthisorheracademicperformanceatschool.23.Itisharmfultooureyestolookstraightatthesunwithoutanyprotectionatnoon.24.Ilikehouseswithbigdoorsandwindows,buttheonewitharedroofbeforeusisnotmytype.25.Streetartistshavebroughtbrilliantcolorstooldneighborhoodswiththeircreativity.33
