M3U3---宾语补足语与主谓一致精讲精练.doc

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1、M3U3BacktothepastGrammarandUsage语法精析一、宾语补足语的概念在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其它的成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，这个补充成分称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。二、宾语补足语的形式：常见的宾语补足语有以下形式:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式。例如:1.Shefoundhimaverycleverboy．2.Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasslivelyandinteresting．3.LastSundayIsawyououtwithy

2、oursister．4.Tohersurprise,shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.5.IsawhimdoinghishomeworkwhenIpassedhiswindow.6.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfcoveredwithacoat.7.Thevillagersdidnotallowthemtobuildafactorythere.三．常见的几种宾语补足语：1.名词作宾补时Hemakesitaruletoexerciseeveryday.PeoplecalltheplacetheGoldenT

3、riangle.Weelectedhimpresidentofthecountry.注意：当名词表示独一无二的职务、头衔时，作宾补的名词前通常不用冠词。2.不定式作宾补时1)常接带to的不定式作宾补的动词：ask/advise/allow/permit/forbid/force/expect/want/wish/cause/warn/tell/order/wouldlike/remindsb(not)todo等。Ourschoolforbidsstudentstosmoke.Pleasetellhimnottocomelate.2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的

4、动词：hear/listento/see/notice/watch/lookat/observe/feel/let/make/haveetc等。Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursadayinthepast.注意：改为被动时，要加to，let和have不用于被动语态。Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyher.3.现在分词作宾补时强调宾补的动作正在进行，这类动词常见的有：keep/find/leave/hear/see/smell/watch/get

5、/send等。Don’tleavethewaterrunningwhenyoubrushyourteeth.Pollyfoundherselfstaringupatamanwithhishandrestingonherarm.注意：感官动词用动词原形作宾补表示动作的全过程，用现在分词作宾补表示宾补的动作正在进行。WeoftenhearAlicesingtheABCsong.Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.94.过去分词作宾补时宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，能接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有：g

6、et/have/leave/make/hear/see/watch/notice等。IhadmyhaircutlastSunday.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfheard.Heleftthedoorunlockedwhenhewasaway.注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，只表示宾补的动作已完成，不表示被动的意思。Shefoundherwalletgone.5.介词with的复合结构 Itisnotgoodmannerstospeakwithyourmouthfull.    The

7、citylooksmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.         Thewomanwithababyonherbacklivesdownstairs.         Withsomuchworktodo,wecan’tkillanytimebyplayingcards.        Withaboyleadingtheway,theystartedtowardsthevillage.     Withtheproblemssettled,weallfeltveryhappy.Hediedwithhisdaughterasc

8、hoolgirl.   6.宾语补足语