公共行政学经典文选(专业英语).docx

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1、专业英语复习材料2011.1.192A401上午9:00~10:45简答：2.PoliticsandAdministrationFrankJ.GoodnowThereare,then,inallgovernmentalsystemstwoprimaryorultimatefunctionsofgovernment,viz.theexpressionofthewillofthestateandtheexecutionofthatwill.Therearealsoinallstatesseparateorgans,eachofwhichismainlybusi

2、edwiththedischargeofoneofthesefunctions.Thesefunctionsare,respectively,PoliticsandAdminis-tration.(p34)因此，在所有的政府体制中都存在着两种主要的或基本的政府职能，即国家意志的表达职能和国家意志的执行职能。在所有的国家中都存在着分立的机关，每个分立的机关都用它们的大部分时间行使着两种职能中的一种。这两种职能分别就是：政治与行政。Actualpoliticalnecessityhoweverrequiresthatthereshallbeharmonybet

3、weentheexpressionandexecutionofthestatewill.(p35)然而，实际政治的需要却要求国家意志的表达与执行之间协调一致。3.ScientificManagementFrederickW.Taylor(1)Todevelopasciencetoreplacetheoldrule-of-thumbknowledge.(2)Thescientificselectionoftheworkmenandhisdevelopment.(3)Thebringingofthescienceandthescientificallysele

4、ctedandtrainedworkmentogether.(4)Analmostequaldivisionoftheactualworkoftheestablishmentbetweentheworkmenandthemanagement.5.NotesontheTheoryofOrganizationLutherGulickTherearethreeclearlimitationsbeyondwhichthedivisionofworkcannottoadvantagego.Thefirstispracticalandarisesfromthevolu

5、meofworkinvolvedinman-hours.Thesecondlimitationarisesfromtechnologyandcustomatagiventimeandplace.Thethirdlimitationisthatthesubdivisionofworkmustnotpassbeyondphysicaldivisionintoorganicdivision.(p58)分工有三个明显的限制，超过这些限制分工就不能有利地进行。首先是实际工作中限制，是由与人员和工作时间有关的工作量产生的。第二种限制是由某一时刻和某一地点的技术和习惯造

6、成的。第三种限制在于，越来越细的分工不能超出身体分工的范围变成器管的分工。Beforedoingthis,however,itisnecessarytohaveaclearpictureofthejobitself.Thisbringsusdirectlytothequestion,“Whatistheworkofthechiefexecutive?Whatdoeshedo?”.TheanswerisPOSDCORB.POSDCORBis,ofcourse,amade-upworddesignedtocallattentiontothevariousfun

7、ctionalelementsoftheworkofachiefexecutivebecause“administration”and“management”havelostallspecificcontent.POSDCORBismadeupoftheinitialsandstandsforthefollowingactivities:Planning,thatisworkingoutinbroadoutlinethethingsthatneedtobedoneandthemethodsfordoingthemtoaccomplishthepurpose

8、setfortheenterprise;Organizing,th