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1、专四语法I.主谓一致意义一致和就近原则连词notonly...butalso/neither...nor/or/either...or/not...butNotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisenjoyingthefilm.EitherheorIamright.副词here/thereHerearemyrepliestoyourquestions.Thereisanapple,twobananasandsomeorangesontheplates.2.以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致疾病名词:单数:arthritis关节炎,bronchitis支
2、气管炎,rickets软骨病,mumps腮腺炎,diabetes糖尿病可作单数也可作复数:rickets软骨病,measles麻疹游戏名称一般做单数,表示游戏所用镖等意义时用复数Darts投镖,marbles打弹子游戏Cards用复数:Cardsarenotallowedhere.地理名称国名用单数群山、海峡、瀑布用复数TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplantandanimallife.Scissors,glasses,shorts,trousers一类词单独使用用复数,加上单位词,如apairof由单位词单、复数决定-ings结尾的名词
3、一般用复数Theclippingsofthehedgesareusuallyhurt.特例(见语法P33)Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms.Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.3.集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词集体名词,如:police,people,cattle,militia民兵,poultry家禽等,通常作复数,用复数动词。如:Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides.
4、2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词,如foliage叶子,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词,如audience,committee,class,crew,family,public,government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。Thecitycouncilismeetingtosetitsagenda.4)acommittee,etc.o
5、f+复数名词如果主语是由“acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。例如:Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.4.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致Eggandmilkisagoodbreakfast.(这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭,不可分割)Fishandchips(炸鱼土豆片)isapopularsupperhere.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every或者manya等限定词时,随后动词常用单数Manyamanandwomaninthi
6、scommunityfindshimselforherselfinneed.Everyboyandgirlintheclassisgivenacopyofthephoto.主语后跟有由asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,aswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except等引导的结构或词组,取决于主语本身形式。5.表示数量的名词短语作主语主语是“分数/百分数+of+名词”,动词的形式取决于中心名词的单复数形式。e.g.Twothirdsofthecitywasdestroyedi
7、nthewar.Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctorswerefemale.anumberof+名词复数,动词用复数。thenumberof+名词,动词用单数。e.g.Agreatnumberofstudentshaveentredforthesportsmeeting.Thenumberofstudentshasdoubledintwoyears.表示时间和度量的名词短语通常作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式e.g.Twentyminutes