Malthusianism 马尔萨斯人口论介绍.ppt

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1、MalthusianismTheMalthusianismisthepopulationtheorycreatedbyThomasRobertMalthus.ANESSAYONTHEPRINCIPLEOFPOPULATIONIn1798,ThomasMalthuspublishedAnEssayonthePrincipleofPopulation,describinghistheoryofquantitativedevelopmentofhumanpopulations.ThetwoprinciplesintheessayFirstly,foodisnece

2、ssarytotheexistenceofman.Secondly,thepassionbetweenthesexesisnecessaryandwillremainnearlyinitspresentstate.ThepowerofpopulationisindefinitelygreaterthanthepowerintheearthtoproducesubsistenceformanTheoryofpopulationgrowthPopulationisnecessarilylimittedbymeansofsubsistencePopulationi

3、nvariablyincreaseswheremeansofsubsistenceincreasesunlesspreventedbysomeverypowerful&obviouschecksThesechecks,whichrepressthepowerofpopulationgrowth,andkeepitseffectsonalevelwiththemeansofsubsistenceareresolvableintomoralrestraint(chastity),vice(birthcontrol,postponementofmarriage)&

4、misery(starvation)ProposedsolutionsMalthusarguedthattwotypesofchecksholdpopulationwithinresourcelimitspositivechecksincludehunger,diseaseandwarpreventiveonesabortion,birthcontrol,prostitution,postponementofmarriageandcelibacyLimitation:Itcannotreflectthesocialreasonofthepopulationp

5、henomenonItcannotforeseemodernscienceandtechnologyinimprovingagriculture,industryproductionandthescientificbirthcontrolManypeoplecriticizedMalthus’stheory,butdonotforgethiswordsinhiswork:Ifheshouldsucceedindrawingtheattentionofmoreablementowhatheconceivestobetheprincipaldifficultyi

6、nthewaytotheimprovementofsocietyandshould,inconsequence,seethisdifficultyremoved,evenintheory,hewillgladlyretracthispresentopinionsandrejoiceinaconvictionofhiserror.Thanksforyourtime