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1、定语从句学案一、定语从句概说1.形容词作定语和从句作定语在英文中,很多时候我们可以用一个来修饰一个名词,但是若要表达更为复杂的意思,简单地用形容词作定语就无能为力了,我们就要借助一个,用作名词的定语,对名词进行限制。2.定语从句的两个重要概念:先行词和关系词1)先行词:2)关系词:二、关系代词的用法1.先行词指人,用关系代词who/whom2.先行词指物,用关系代词whichWearestudyingsentences.Theycontainadjectiveclauses..which可以指代
2、单个名词、一个短语、前面整个句子。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thecar(which)heisdrivingismadeinJapan.3.表示人或物的所有关系,用whose。它的作用就如同物主代词my,your,her,his,their,our一样,whose后边要接名词。“whose+名词”在从句中可作主语、动词宾语或介词宾语。简单句定语从句whose可指人或物Iknowafriend.Hisbrotherisapopsinger.I
3、knowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger.4.that可以指代人,也可以指代物.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.5.在下列情况中最好用that:(重点记忆)(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时;
Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行词被
4、all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时;
I'vereadallthebooks(that)arenotmine.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰;
Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.
(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时;
Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.
(5)主句当中先行词既有人又有物时;
Thewriterandhisnovelstha
5、tthisarticletalkedaboutarefamous.6.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用which而不用that
(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语(介词提前)
Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.
(2)在非限制性定语从句中
5Hebrokemyglasses,whichannoyedmealot.
7.as的用法
(1)as引导限制性定语从句:
当先行词前由as,so,suc
6、h,thesame修饰时,as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedinthatfactory.(作主语)
Youcantakeasmanyasyouneed.(作宾语)
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(作表语)
温馨提示
thesame...that与thesame...as之辨析:
thesame...that:同一个,就是那一个;
thesame...as:与...同样的,但不是同一个翻译句子:
Thisisth
7、esamebookthatIIostyesterday.
ThisisthesamebookasIIostyesterday.
温馨提示
such...as...引导的定语从句与such...that引导的状语从句之辨析:
Heissuchacleverboyaseverybodylikes.(定语从句)
Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(状语从句)
(2)用于引导非限制性定语从句:
as在句中作主语或宾语,可在主句前、中、后。意为:正如。
Heis
8、agreathero,asisdescribedinthereport.(as作主语,位于主句后)
Sheisafamousfilmstar,asweallknow.(as作宾语,位于主句后)
在非限制性定语从句中as和which的区别:
①看位置。
which只能位于主句之后;as既可在主句,也可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中。
②看含义。
which"这一点";as"正如"。三、关系副词的用法在英语中,引导定语从句的关系副词主要有when,where,why,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状