科研方法与论文写作-6.ppt

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1、复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所科研方法与论文写作研究结果及其表述卢宝荣教授第六讲怎样撰写文章的结果Results!Why,man,Ihavegottenalotofresults,Iknowseveralthousandthingsthatwon’twork.--ThomasA.EdisonThe“Results”isthecoreofthepaperTheresultsaredatafromtheexperimentTheresultsaresummarizeddatafromtheexperiment,presentedbytext,tables,figures,graphs

2、,andphotosThecontentoftheresultsTwoingredients:Givenanoveralldescriptionoftheexperiment,providing“bigpicture”withoutrepeatingtheexperimentaldetailsPresentthe“data”fromdifferentpartsoftheexperimentsHowtopresentdata?Thesimpletransferof“raw”datafromnotebooksisnotrightPresentrepresentativedataPr

3、esentpre-digesteddataPresentdatainaneffectiveandinterestingwayRemember:Ifyoutrytoincludeeverything,youwillhavenotingintheresult!“Thefoolcollectsfacts,thewisemanselectsthem”AfewmorethingstonoteHowtohandlenumber:SmallamountofdatacoulddescribedinthetextRepetitivedatashouldbegivenintables,figure

4、sorgraphsDatashouldbemeaningfulStatetheconditionunderwhichyouobtainedtheresultsStriveforclarityTheresultsshouldshortandsweetwithoutverbiageTheResultspartismostimportantpart,butitisoftenshortestTheResultsmustbeclearly&simplystated,becauseitcontainsthenewknowledgeYourcontributiontotheworldStri

5、veforclarityTheearlierpartsofthepaper(Introduction,M&M)aredesignedtotellwhyandhowyougottheresultsThelaterpartofthepaper(Discussion)isdesignedtotellwhattheymeanThewholepapermuststandonthebasisoftheResultsTheResultsmustbepresentedwithcrystalclarityAvoidredundancyThemostcommonfaultistherepetiti

6、oninwordsofwhatisalreadyshowedinTables&FiguresEvenworseisactualpresentation,inthetext,ofallandmanydatashowninTs&FsDon’tbeverboseincitingFs&Ts,e.g.“ItisclearlyshowninTable1thatwildriceisofgreatdiversityinChina”“Wildriceisofgreatdiversity(Table1)inChina”HeadingsintheResultsII.PCRproductsandele

7、ctrophoresisAgreatgeneticvariationofwasdetectedbyelectrophoresisof…(Table1)…III.VariationpatternsStatisticanalysisshowthat……I.AneffectiveDNAextractionmethodDNAsamplesareusuallydifficulttobecollectedfrom……