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1、餐厨废油脂高效利用菌种及其产物的研究*基金项目:广东高校特色调味品工程技术开发中心建设项目(GCZX-B1103)。第一作者简介:李泳诗(1994.1-),女,研究方向为生物技术。李泳诗,许进莉,陈盈盈,梁燕萍,黄静怡,刘敏玲,李秋霞,曾丽娟广东轻工职业技术学院,广州,510300摘要:为了利用餐厨废油脂制备生物表面活性剂,从长期受餐厨废油脂污染的土壤中筛选生物表面活性剂高产菌种。在研究过程中,主要对土壤样品进行平板初筛和摇瓶发酵复筛,对优选菌种进行菌体形态特征、生理生化特征和16SrDNA等方面的鉴定,对优选菌种发酵产物进行分离纯化、临界胶束浓度分析和乳化活性分析。获得1株高效的菌种NH2
2、6,被鉴定为皮氏罗尔斯顿菌。菌种NH26的纯化产物经薄层层析显色分析和傅立叶红外光谱分析,被确定为脂肽类生物表面活性剂。该生物表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度为126mg/L,能够使水的表面张力下降至22.465mN·m-1。在临界胶束浓度下,该生物表面活性剂对花生油、大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油、煤油和柴油的乳化率均大于50%。关键词:餐厨废油脂;高效利用;生物表面活性剂;菌株StudyonstrainofhighabilityofutilizingwastecookingoilandcharacteristicsofitsproductLIYong-shi,XUJin-li,CHENYing-ying
3、,LIANGYan-ping,HUANGJing-yi,LIUMin-ling,LIQiu-xia,ZENGLi-juan,DENGMao-cheng,CHENWei-xin,LIJing(GuangdongIndustryTechnicalCollege,Guangzhou510300)Abstract:Inordertoproducebiosurfactant(BS)fromwastecookingoil,strainshavingtheabilitytogeneratebiosurfactantwereisolatedandscreenedfromthesoilsamplewithlo
4、ngtimecontaminatedbywastecookingoil.Duringthestudyprocess,initialscreenwithflatandrepeatscreenwithshakeflaskfermentationwereapplied.Thesystematicinvestigationsofmorphology,physiologicalandbiochemicalcharacteristicsand16SrDNAsequencesanalysiswascarriedout.Atthesametime,separationandpurificationmeans
5、,criticalmicelleconcentration(CMC)analysisandemulsifyingactivityanalysis(E24)ofthefermentationproductwithpreferredstrainwereconductedon.AhighproducingbiosurfactantstrainNH26wasobtainedandidentifiedasRalstoniapickettii.PurifiedproductofNH26wasidentifiedaslipopeptidebiosurfactantbythinlayerchromatogr
6、aph(TLC)colorreactionandfouriertransforminfrared(FT-IR)spectrumanalysis.Thecriticalmicelleconcentrationofthelipopeptidewas126mg/Landthismomentcouldlowerthesurfacetensionoflipopeptidesolutionto22.465mN/m.Theemulsificationrates(E24)ofthislipopeptideagainsttodifferentoils,includingpeanutoil,soybeanoil
7、,vegetableseedsoil,cornoil,keroseneanddieseloilweremeasuredandallexceededby50%undertheCMC.Keywords:wastecookingoil;highutilization;biosurfactant;strain引言餐厨废油脂是人们在餐厨活动、食品加工等过程中产生的废弃油脂、油水混合物以及经过处理的“地沟油”[1]。据估