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1、EnglishSummary1.TheelectromagneticspectrumGammaRaysX-RaysUltravioletVInfra-redMicro-wavesRadio-waveslongshortWavelength380nmviolet-blue780nmdeep-red12.LawofRectilinearpropagationLightasitadvancesthroughfreespaceorthroughhomogeneous,isotropicmatterfollowsabeeline.(adire
2、ctstraightcourse).Example:Shadows23.TheLawofReflectionAlightraystrikingareflectingsurfaceandreflectedfromitmakesequalangleswiththenormaltothesurfaceatthepointofincidence,I''=-Iandtheincomingray,theoutgoingray,andthenormaltothesurfaceatthepointofintersectionalllieinthes
3、ameplane.34.TheLawofRefractionTheanglemadebytheincidentray,thatmadebytherefractedray,andthesurfacenormalatthepointofincidenceinarefractiveprocessobeytheexpressionnsinI=n'sinI'Theincidentray,therefractedray,andthesurfacenormalareallcoplanar.45.TotalInternalReflectionnor
4、malIncidentrayRefractedrayDensermediumRarermediumCriticalangleSurface6.Fermat’principleLighttakesthepaththatrequirestheleasttime.57.KeywordsandconceptImagespaceextendsfrominfinityononesidetoinfinityontheother.Thesameholdsfortheobjectspace;bothcompletelyoverlap.Whethera
5、givenpointisintheobjectspaceortheimagespacedependsonwhetheritispartofaraybeforeorafterrefraction.Ifagivenpointisintheobjectspace,itisapointobject,otherwiseitisapointimage.6Homework1.Inancienttimestherectilinearpropagationoflightwasusedtomeasuretheheightofobjectsbycompa
6、ringthelengthoftheirshadowswiththelengthoftheshadowofanobjectofknownlength.Astaff2mlongwhenhelderectcastsashadow3.4mlong,whileabuilding’sshadowis170mlong.Howtallisthebuilding?2.Lightfromawatermediumwithn=1.33isincidentuponawater-glassinterfaceatanangleof45o.Theglassind
7、exis1.50.Whatangledoesthelightmakewiththenormalintheglass?P124&97SomeKeywords1.singlesphericalsurface2.convergeanddivergence3.conjugate(~points,~planes,~distanceetc)4.magnification(transverse~,axial~,angular~)5.Lagrange’sinvariant6.signconvention(vertex,imagedistance,)
8、7.imagecharacteristics(largerorsmaller,uprightorinverted,realorvirtual)8.Concaveandconvexmirror81.Vertexisthepointwhe
