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1、定语从句精讲与练习一.定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who,whom,whose,which和that,和关系副词when,where,why。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?Thi
2、sistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellveryw
3、ell.2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcame
4、toBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？Mr.Lee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句
5、中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)c
6、arriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm. HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear. Thefactorywherehisfatherw
7、orksisintheeastofthecity.四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,n
8、othing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如： Allthathesaidistrue. (2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如： Heisthe
