2018中考英语语法专题被动语态讲解练习.docx

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1、被动语态一、语态：是动词的一种形式，用于说明主语与谓语之间的关系。①英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。②主动语态表示：主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示：主语是动作的承受者。③只有及物动词才有被动语态。④被动语态谓语动词的结构为：bedone（过去分词）。⑤汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。二、八大时态的主动语态和被动语态对照：主动语态被动语态助动词一般现在时do/doesam/is/aredoneam/is/are一般过去时didwas/weredonewas/were一般将来时willdoam/is/aregoingtodowillbedone

2、am/is/aregoingtobedonewillam/is/are过去将来时woulddowas/weregoingtodowouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedonewouldwas/were现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdoneam/is/are过去进行时wasweredoingwas/werebeingdonewas/were现在完成时have/hasdonehave/hasbeendonehave/has过去完成时haddonehadbeendonehad情态动词can/may/mustdocan/ma

3、y/mustbedonecan/may/must三、用法1、一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/aredone）Childrenlovethesesongs.主谓宾Thesesongsarelovedbychildren.主谓状Janelooksafterthecat.主谓宾ThecatislookedafterbyJane.主谓状注：主动语态的宾语→被动语态的主语只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态；不及物动词（组）没有宾语，即没有被动语态。主动语态的主语在被动语态中，前面需加by—“被”。2、主动变被动的几个重点（1）短语动词短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不

4、可丢掉介词或副词。Peoplespeaktooldmenpolitelyhere.这里的人们对老人讲话有礼貌。→Oldmenarespokentopolitelyherebypeople.（2）带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词变被动语态时有两种方式，可分别将间接宾语和直接宾语转化为被动语态的主语。WeoftengivehimanicepresentatChristmas.→HeisoftengivenanicepresentatChristmasbyus.→AnicepresentisoftengiventohimatChristmasbyus.（3）带复合宾语的动词宾语加

5、宾补构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，把宾语变主语，原来的宾语补足语成为被动语态的主语补足语。TheteachercallshimPeter.→HeiscalledPeterbytheteacher.感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符号to。Hemakesthegirlstayathome.→Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.（4）表达情感的动词如：interest(使感兴趣)，worry(使烦忧)，surprise(使

6、惊讶)，tire(使疲劳)，bore(使无聊)，move(使感动)等，可用被动形式。Healwayssurprisesus.→Wearealwayssurprisedbyhim.练习（一）将主动语态改为被动语态1.Weallloveourmotherlanddeeply._____________________________________________________2.Thisfactorymakesmobilephones._____________________________________________________3.Myparentsdon’

7、tallowmetosmoke._____________________________________________________4.Theyoftenhearhersingsongsafterclass._____________________________________________________5.Mymotheralwaysmakesmeacakeonmybirthday._____________________________________________________6.Doyougrowriceint