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1、中考英语语法被动语态被动语态与状态的区别教学目标被动语态基本结构(现在、过去、情态)哪些词不能用于被动被动语态与被动修饰基础知识一、什么是被动语态?英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则使用被动语态。1.定义:被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。2.被动语态的构成:被字句:主语+be+动词过去分词(v-ed)+bysb.我打他Ibeathim.(打过了)他被我打=他打被我Hewasbeatenbyme.他喜欢她Helik
2、esher.她喜欢被他Sheislikedbyhim.(am/is/are).被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的,be动词是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。学好被动语态的两个基础条件一、每种时态的be动词形式。二、不规则动词。主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1)主+am/is/are…主+am/is/are+being主+will+be…主+hasbeen…Heisaleader.Heisbeinghere.Hewillbealeader.Hehasbeenaleader.主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2
3、)主+was/were…主+was/were+being主+would+be…主+hadbeen…Hewasaleader.Hewasbeingherejustnow.Hewouldbealeader.Hehadbeenaleaderseveralyearsago.被动语态:主+be+过去分词+(bysb)1.Heeatstheapple.2.Heatetheapple.3.Heiseatingtheapple.4.Hewaseatingtheapple.5.Hewilleattheapple.6.Hewouldeatthea
4、pple.7.Hehaseatentheapple.8.Hehadeatentheapple.1.Theappleiseatenbyhim.2.Theapplewaseatenbyhim.3.Theappleisbeingeatenbyhim.4.Theapplewasbeingeatenbyhim.5.Theapplewillbeeatenbyhim.6.Theapplewouldbeeatenbyhim.7.Theapplehasbeeneatenbyhim.8.Theapplehadbeeneatenbyhim.三、情态
5、动词的被动语态他儿子一定照顾这个人。Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson.这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson.含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时,在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。构成:主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+bysb.1.Youmustdothisassoonaspossible.2.Icanuseit.3.Youshouldbuyadictionary.4.Sheou
6、ghttocleanherbedroom.5.Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild.6.Wecanchangewaterintoice.1.Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible(byyou).2.Itcanbeused.3.Adictionaryshouldbebought(byyou).4.Herbedroomoughttobecleaned.5.Thelittlechildneedbelookedafter(bythem).6.Watercanbechangedintoic
7、e.提高知识一、是不是所有的动词都有被动语态?1.所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。这类动词或短语如:takeplace(发生),happen(发生),comeabout(发生),breakout(爆发),appear(出现),disappear(消失),last(持续),die,end(vi.结束),fail,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart等。(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:Fit合适,
8、have,hold,marry结婚,own拥有,wish,cost值,notice注意,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin成功,sufferfrom受苦,happento,takepartin,walkint