废旧家电回收处理.doc

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废旧家电回收处理上世纪80年代，冰箱、电视、洗衣机等家电产品，进入寻常百姓家，为人们的生活带来了极大便利。二十多年后，这些曾辉煌一时的家电产品，由于各种原因，已被大量淘汰。面对堆积如山的电器垃圾，应该如何处理呢？进入21世纪以来，每年，数以百万计的废旧家用电器，由于使用年限到期，或质量故障而被淘汰。这些已经失去使用功能的电器垃圾，实际上蕴含着丰富的可利用再生资源。以旧电视机为例，外壳是塑料，电线和变压器含有金属铜，荧光屏是玻璃材料。这些，都是可以循环使用的再生资源。如果能够科学利用，这些堆积如山的电器垃圾，将会成为原生资源的重要补充。废旧物资的回收利用，不仅可以弥补社会经济发展中的资源不足，而且，与使用没有经过加工生产的原生资源相比较，具有生产消耗低、污染物排放少的特点。所以世界各国都把废旧物资的回收利用作为发展循环经济的一个重要环节给以扶持。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 由于历史原因，长久以来，从事废品回收及加工处理的行业，多是一些小型企业或个体作坊。设备简陋，操作不规范。对于有毒有害物品的回收和处置，缺乏安全保证。比如电视机荧光屏中的荧光粉，含有金属汞，如果处理不当，会对人体造成危害。而空调、电冰箱中的氟里昂，能够破坏臭氧层。在回收时，必须使用专用的回收设备。同时，对于这些危害健康、污染环境的危险品，要严格按照操作规范妥善储存，以免造成泄漏。然而，一项调查显示，在废品回收行业中，百分之九十的从业人员都是农民工，其中大部分从业人员，没有经过专业培训，缺乏必要的专业知识。因此，废旧家电资源的再生处理，不仅需要严格操作规程，同时还要对从业人员进行上岗培训，使他们学到相关知识。这里，我们就以生活中最常见的废旧家电——电视机、洗衣机、冰箱和空调为例，介绍一下废旧家电的回收与处理。在介绍具体工艺之前，我们首先来介绍一下建设厂房的要求，和车间布局。一、厂区和车间的构建（一级字幕）一般来说，由于需要占用较大的土地面积，考虑到建厂的综合成本。从事再生资源回收的企业，通常选择距离市区较远的地方。同时要求交通方便，因为回收的旧家电，需要从各个收购点运输到工厂。在厂区内，按照功能，划分为三个区域。包括：管理区域、仓储区域以及生产车间。根据拆解废旧家电的类型不同，生产车间可以划分为：废旧电脑、废旧电视、废旧洗衣机、废旧空调、废旧冰箱、以及其他的拆解流水线。根据生产规模的不同，流水线的数量也不同。流水线之间需要明确划分生产区域，物品的堆放，要以黄色隔离线为标记，避免造成混乱。两条流水线相邻的宽度，要能够通过一辆叉车。车间屋顶可以采用透光式建筑材料，可以有效的利用自然光，达到节约电能消耗，降低生产成本的目的。二、生产原料的收购（一级字幕）theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 从事废旧家电回收分解的企业，可以自行收购废旧家电，也可以从专门的家电回收部门收取。收购废旧家电的企业，除了要到工商管理部门办理营业执照以外，按照国家《再生资源回收管理办法》的规定，在办理好工商营业执照后15天内，还应该到当地公安部门办理特种行业许可证。收购废旧家电的途径可以有以下两种：1、建立废旧家电回收网络（二级字幕）通常情况下，废旧家电分解企业会联系具备家电回收资质的家电销售企业或家电超市。从它们那里直接将废旧家电收回。2、从正规废品回收公司直接收购（二级字幕）有些专门从事废品收购的再生资源回收公司，拥有自己的收购网络，它们可以大量的收购废旧家电。如果这些回收公司获得了家电下乡流通企业的资质，也可以按照国家相关政策，参与到家电下乡的整个流通环节中来。这样，废品回收企业就会掌握大量的废旧家电货源。家电分解企业可以直接从家电回收公司引进货源。三、开工前的准备（一级字幕）每条生产线应该配有相应的作业标准书，内容包括“作业程序”，比如：在这条废旧电视机的拆解生产线上，规定了如下4步程序——将废电视机搬至主输送机PP板上；用剪刀将电源线剪下；映像管保护镜片拆下取出；映像管定位屏幕向下。“必须遵守的事项”，投入位置尽量将荧光屏中心放在栈板中心附近；荧光屏面朝下放置。“注意事项”theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 中，比如：操作过程中应注意安全，避免碰撞掉落，造成危险及地面污染；对于体积较大的电视机，除一手操作吸盘外，另一手应拖住电视后侧，以免因吸力不足而致电视掉落压伤。由不同级别的主管领导，对作业标准书签字确认后，该生产线才可以正式启动，其它废旧电器的拆解生产线都需配有相应的作业标准书。（1）、工人的作业保护（二级字幕）工人在生产作业时，必须穿工作服，佩戴手套、口罩和安全帽，这样可以有效避免和降低工作中的意外伤害和吸入粉尘量。在拆解不同电器过程中，还可能接触到荧光粉等有害物质，一旦吸入，可能导致重金属中毒。因此，在特殊作业环节，还需要有特别的保护措施。四、废旧家电的分解（一级字幕）（1）、废旧电视机的分解（二级字幕）在拆解之前，要基本熟悉电视机的主要结构，电视机主要由外壳、阴极射线管、防暴带、高频头、变压器、线路板等部分组成。在拆解电视机的过程中，要特别注意在电视机荧光屏的内侧，涂有含汞的荧光粉，而汞是对人体有害的重金属成分，拆解时务必做好防护工作。下面我们来具体介绍电视机的拆解工序。1、拆解固定螺丝，取下外壳（以下为三级字幕）废旧家电的分解最终要将原材料进行分类，所以拆解过程中将相同材质的零部件统一收集是必要的。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 2、拆下线路板和其他杂件：线路板上面集成了各种电器元件，比如二级管、三级管、电容、电阻等。拆解电视机时，将线路板整体拆下，统一整理后交给具备拆解资质的下游企业处理。由于很多私人作坊在拆解废旧电路板的过程中，使用强酸加热浸泡，导致大量废气酸液浸入底下，严重污染了生态环境，也对操作工人的身体健康造成了极大的伤害。所以，在处理废旧线路板时，必要严格按照国家的有关规定。废旧家电回收企业不要将线路板交给缺乏处理资格的经营户。废电视机中的变压器以及电线当中含有铜丝。具有较高的回收利用价值，拆解的时候，要把这些金属铜单独放置在一起。而高频头和变压器的外框部分，则主要是铝的成分，另外放置。3、电视机外壳的分解：电视机外壳为塑料成分。由于大部分的塑料都可以作为再生资源回收利用，因此，从数量上来说，废旧电视机的外壳，是整个电视机当中所占比例最大的部分。从加工和处理上来说，这部分的处理没什么过高的技术要求。经过粉碎机粉碎，粉碎机的工作原理是利用高速旋转的金属扇叶将塑料机壳打成碎块。可以交给有资质的塑料加工企业进行清洗后造粒，最终处理成这样的塑料颗粒，就可以作为再生塑料产品的原料，进行下一步的生产制造。4、拆解荧光屏，电视机的荧光屏主要由金属和玻璃构成。具体拆解过程如下：①取出阴极射线管（以下为说明性字幕）阴极射线管主要由玻璃构成，因此为保证生产的安全性，操作时要尽量保持椎管向上，使其保持稳定。②拆除外圈防爆带防爆带的作用是为了防止阴极射线管因意外发生破裂，通常由强化钢材制成。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 首先，用剪刀剪断罩在椎管上的尼龙网，然后将固定屏玻璃和锥玻璃的铁质防爆圈去除。③分割剖开阴极射线管由于阴极射线管的屏玻璃含有金属铅，而锥玻璃不含添加物，因此在加工分类时要将屏玻璃和锥玻璃分别处理。这项技术是利用荧光屏玻璃切割分离设备，将阴极射线管分割剖开成屏玻璃和锥玻璃。首先，将电热丝固定在阴极射线管两种玻璃的结合处，调整冷气管，根据阴极射线管的大小适当调整电压值，然后加热；当温度达到摄氏一百度以上时，分布在阴极射线管四个边角的冷气管开始吹冷风，利用热胀冷缩原理，使屏玻璃和锥玻璃分离，分离后的锥玻璃统一收集。④真空吸取荧光粉阴极射线管的屏玻璃内侧银灰色的是一层荧光粉，荧光粉中含有的重金属汞对人体健康极具危害性，在处理时要特别注意。使用干式清洗涂层设备，将荧光粉无害化处置后，作为可利用的再生资源。这项操作是利用真空吸尘刷清理荧光粉，真空吸尘刷的工作原理和吸尘器相同，用刷毛去除荧光粉，同时利用真空将荧光粉从管道内侧抽出，为了确保荧光粉没有外泄，操作台内设置了真空口，真空口的工作原理类似于家用的抽油烟机。由于真空吸取荧光粉是整个电视机分解中最具危险性的作业，因此势必要做好防护工作，真空吸尘刷和抽真空口分别归属为第一和第二级防护，为保证作业的安全性，还应该为这项作业单独构建操作间，使“分离阴极射线管”和“theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 吸取荧光粉”的操作与其它工序隔离，这和前两项防护措施共称为“三级防护”。吸取的荧光粉通过真空管被收集到密闭的容器中，严格保管。目前，对于荧光粉的处理，还没有用于大规模生产的无害化方法。所以，必须对吸取的荧光粉严格保护，以免发生外泄。⑤去除不含铅玻璃的石墨涂层不含铅的锥玻璃在最初制作阴极射线管时被涂上了一层石墨，分解时必须将石墨去除。这项作业主要是利用干式清洗涂层设备，干式清洗涂层设备是利用振动的工作原理，使玻璃之间相互磨擦，从而将石墨磨掉。首先将不含铅的锥玻璃打碎，玻璃碎片的直径保持在10公分左右，这样的大小有助于玻璃间相互摩擦更彻底，同时又不会因为碎片太小而造成不必要的磨损。将锥玻璃的碎片送入干式清洗涂层设备，在进入设备前，要再次确认玻璃碎片的大小，稍大的玻璃进一步打碎后送入传送带。干式清洗涂层设备,仅仅利用玻璃碎片之间的机械摩擦，就可将石墨涂层磨掉。这种方式不需要添加任何化学试剂，既环保，同时又节约了成本；但由于作业中，噪声和粉尘的污染比较明显，还需要为设备安置隔离间。经过处理后，原本表面涂满石墨的锥玻璃，变成了晶莹、透明的磨沙玻璃片。⑥滤出含铅玻璃theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 由于阴极射线管分离的断口不可能保证绝对整齐，因此不含铅的玻璃碎片中仍存在少量含铅的玻璃碎片，为保证玻璃回收后的纯度，还要将其中含铅的玻璃碎片捡出。不含铅的玻璃透明、晶莹，而含铅的玻璃色泽乌黑，因此很容易分辨。去除含铅玻璃后的锥玻璃碎片，在清洗后可以输送给玻璃制品厂家做生产原料使用。⑦含铅玻璃委托有资质厂家处置阴极射线管的屏玻璃大都含有金属铅，回收价值低于不含铅的锥玻璃，这部分可以直接出售给有资质的企业进行造粒，这样，就可以达到资源再利用的目的。（2）电冰箱和空调的分解（二级字幕）在拆解之前，我们先来熟悉一下电冰箱和空调的主要结构，电冰箱主要由箱体、制冷系统和附件构成；空调分为室内机和室外机，室内机构造比较简单，主要由塑料外壳、电子电路板、过滤网和冷凝管组成，其中冷凝管是由金属铜或铝构成，具有较高的回收利用价值，而室外机由外壳、制冷机及金属外壳等部分构成。由于拆解电冰箱和空调所使用的方法类似，所以，我们将两者合并介绍。1、回收氟里昂（三级字幕）theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 老式电冰箱和空调制冷机的工作原理是利用氟里昂循环流动，吸收冰箱内部的热量，达到冷却降温的目的。冷气压缩机中含有氟里昂和润滑油，科学研究证明，氟里昂的扩散能够破坏大气中的臭氧层，制造温室气体效应，导致全球气温变暖；而润滑油如果处理不当，很可能对当地水源造成污染。因此在老式电冰箱和空调制冷机的分解处理技术中，最关键的就是回收氟里昂。首先，根据不同家电产品的构造，拆解固定螺丝，取下外壳。利用冷媒回收机回收压缩机中的氟里昂。冷媒回收机的前端钳口处配有专用吸头，吸头的外形类似于医用针头，是一段锋利而坚硬细管，将钳口夹在压缩机附近的铜管上，由于铜的硬度不高，而且铜管较薄，这样吸头可以轻松的将铜管刺破。通过回收管道，氟利昂进入回收机。由于氟里昂具有常温下为气态，遇冷凝华，变为液态的物理特性。因此假如以气体状态回收氟里昂，其所占体积较大，不便储存。冷媒回收机利用水循环的原理，使放置其中的氟里昂储藏罐降低温度，并保持在零上五度以下的低温，只有这样，氟里昂才能以液体状态被回收。（注：“氟”利昂读“fu”）2、分解外壳和其他杂件（三级字幕）空调主要可以分解为塑料、金属铜、铝、和电器元件，这些原料都具有很高的再利用价值。冰箱的箱体主要有内胆、外金属皮和隔热层几部分构成，将基本元件分类即可完成分解。3、冰箱隔热层的处理冰箱的隔热层属于发泡剂材料，所占体积较大，而且市场价值不高，因此，一些没有处理资质的小作坊经常将其扔在路旁、河边，造成环境污染。正确的处理方法是将其破碎，交给具有实力的加工企业，进行混合、压制，再次制作PU保温板，或做为其它填充物使用。（3）洗衣机的分解（二级字幕）theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 洗衣机的构造相对简单，主要由铁皮或塑料外壳、发动机和内胆构成，分解工艺并不复杂，但由于其内胆塑料的材质纯度高，仍然有很高的回收价值。1、拆解外壳拆下固定螺丝，然后根据外壳的材质将其归类2、拆解马达，马达是整个洗衣机的核心部分，根据废旧程度，可以在修复后再次投入使用，或将其继续分解成为铁和铜等金属材料。3、洗衣机塑料的归类根据塑料纯度的不同，洗衣机分解后的废旧塑料可以分为两类。由于洗衣机属于耐磨损性家用电器，因此为了尽量延长使用寿命，洗衣机的内胆通常采用高纯度塑料材质制成，回收造粒后的市场价值也高于其它回收塑料，因此要单独归类，其它塑料统一收集为一类。五、分解后材料的分类存储与加工（一级字幕）对废旧家电分解后的材料进行基本归类，以上所介绍的废旧家电分解材料大体可分为玻璃类、电路板、铜类、铝类、偏向线圈、铁类等。为有效提高再生资源的利用价值，在其中一些类别的原材料中，还需要像洗衣机塑料一样，根据纯度的高低进行细分。细分后的每一类材料作为废旧家电分解企业的产品，将被输送至下游企业进一步加工生产。在正式输出前，家电分解企业需要固定存储空间，明确存储范围，避免混淆，对于有毒物质的安放要有特殊提醒和标志。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment. 废旧家电经过分解、分类后的碎料被送往下游企业，加工处理成各种原料颗粒，它们被用于建材、家电生产、加工工艺品、冶炼、铸造等各行各业，从而再次恢复市场价值。除电视、洗衣机、冰箱和空调外，可利用的家电电子产品还有很多，像电脑、手机、打印机等很多电器电子产品中都有着多种可回收利用的资源。总述：目前，废旧家电的资源回收产业在国内仍处于起步阶段。但由于国际能源价格的不断攀升，“再生资源”行业的市场前景也越发广阔。2009年5月，国家先后推出了家电下乡和家电以旧换新的优惠政策，鼓励新家电消费，并回收旧家电。今后几年将进入家用电器更新换代的高峰期，如何有效地回收和处理大量的废旧家电产品，逐步建立健全我国的废旧电器电子产品回收利用体系，对于保护我国环境和促进经济的健康发展都将起到极大的促进作用。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.