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1、#336#中华眼科杂志1999年9月第35卷第5期ChinJOphthalmol,September1999,Vol35,No15#防盲治盲#我国白内障的流行病学调查资料分析张士元=摘要>目的探讨我国白内障的患病率与各地检查条件、诊断标准及地理环境的关系。方法采用世界卫生组织盲与低视力标准,对全国抽样调查资料进行统计学分析。结果双眼视力<013的白内障患者约500万人,患病率为0146%;盲与低视力的患病率分别为0143%和0158%。盲人中白内障致盲占41106%;低视力患者中49138%为白内障所致;白内障致老年盲(年
2、龄60岁)及低视力占73113%。以晶体混浊及视力<017为标准,北京郊区抽样调查白内障的患病率为5199%;女性明显多于男性。1997年对北京郊区年龄50岁的5084人进行抽样调查,双眼矫正视力<011者的白内障患病率为2122%。白内障患病率在中国南部低纬度地区、尤其高原地带(如广东0169%、西藏1104%),明显高于北方高纬度地区(如黑龙江0126%)。对海拔高度及日照时间不同的地区、年龄40岁的人群白内障患病率的比较研究发现,海拔高、日照时间长的地区白内障患病率明显增高。结论日照时间长、紫外线辐射量大是白内
3、障发病的危险因素;白内障是我国第一位的致盲眼病。=关键词>白内障流行病学DataanalysisonepidemiologicsurveyofcataractinChinaZHANGShiyuan.DepartmentofOphthalmology,BeijingTongrenHospital,Beijing100730=Abstract>ObjectiveToapproachtheprevalenceofage-relatedcataractanditsrelationshipswiththeconditionofexa
4、mination,diagnosticcriteriaandgeographicalenvironmentinvariousareas.MethodsAccordingtotheWHO.scriteriaofblindnessandlowvision,astatisticalanalysisofanationalsamplesurveyofblindnessandlowvisionwascarriedoutoverthecountry.ResultsThenumberofpatientswithage-relatedcat
5、aractandvisualacuity<0.3inbotheyescalculatedinthewholepopulationwasmorethan5million,theprevalencebeing0.46%.Theprevalenceofblindnessandthatoflowvisionwere0.43%and0.58%respectively.Amongtheblind,41.06%wascausedbycataract,andthelowvisioncausedbycataractwas49.38%.Amo
6、ngelderlyof60years,theproportionoftheblindandlowvisioncausedbycataractwas73.13%.Whenthecataractstandardwasdefinedaslensopacitywithvisualacuity<0.7,theprevalenceofcataractwas5.99%inBeijingsamplesurveyatthesuburbarea.Theincidenceofage-relatedcataractinfemaleswassig
7、nificantlyhigherthanthatinmales.InasurveyofBeijingsuburbin1997,theprevalenceofcataractamong5084elderlypeopleof50yearswithbilateralcorrectedvisualacuity<0.1was2.22%.InthesouthernpartofChina,theareaoflowlatitude,especiallyintheplateau,suchasinGuangdongProvince(0.69
8、%)andinTibet(1.04%),theprevalenceofcataractismuchhigherthanthatinnorthernpart,highlatitudeareas,suchasHeilongjiangProvince(0.26%).Acomparativestudyofthe
