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1、麦类作物学报2007,27(5):847-851JournalofTriticeaeCrops氮肥和花后土壤含水量对小麦干物质积累、运转及产量的影响3马东辉,王月福,周华,孙虎(莱阳农学院植物科技学院,山东青岛,266109)摘要:为给小麦高产栽培中的水肥科学管理提供依据,在防雨池栽条件下,采用施纯氮10、15、20kg/2(667m分别用N1、N2和N3表示)和40%～50%、60%～70%、80%～90%三种土壤相对含水量(分别用W1、W2、W3表示)进行处理,研究了氮肥和花后土壤含水量对小麦干物质积累运转及产量的影响。结果表明
2、,增施氮肥显著提高了小麦旗叶的净光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶面积系数,干物质积累量增加,而花前营养器官贮藏物质的转移率和对穗粒重的贡献率却下降,施氮肥过多的N3处理比N2处理产量略有下降,说明施氮肥过多不利于产量的提高。花后土壤相对含水量在60%～70%时,小麦旗叶的净光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶面积系数最大,干物质积累量、花前营养器官贮藏物质转移率和产量最高,说明花后土壤含水量过高或过低2均导致减产。从本试验结果看,获得高产的最佳水氮配合为施氮肥15kg/667m和花后土壤相对含水量为60%～70%。关键词:小麦;氮肥;土壤含水量;干物质
3、积累;产量中图分类号:S512.1;S311文献标识码:A文章编号:100921041(2007)0520847205EffectofPostanthesisSoilWaterStatusandNitrogenonGrainYieldandCanopyBiomassAccumulationandTransportationofWinterWheatMADong2hui,WANGYue2fu,ZHOUHua,SUNHu(DepartmentofPlantScienceandTechnology,LaiyangAgriculturalC
4、ollege,Qingdao,Shandong266109,China)Abstract:Theeffectofnitrogenandpostanthesissoilwaterstatusonthecanopybiomassaccumula2tion,transportationandgrainyieldinwinterwheathavebeenstudiedinacementpoolculturewithrainoutshelter.Theresultsshowedthatincreasingnitrogenapplication
5、rateimprovedthephotosyn2thesisrate(Pn)andSPAD(SoilandPlantAnalyzerDevelopment)valueofflagleaf,leafareaindex(LAI)andcanopybiomassaccumulation,whilereducedtranslocationofdrymatterstoredbeforean2thesisfromvegetativeorganstokernels.TheresultthattheN3treatmentgotlessyieldth
6、antheN2treatmentshowedthatoverloadingnitrogenwasnothelpfulforraisingthegrainfield.Undertherela2tivewatercontentof60%～70%,PnandSPADvalueofflagleaf,LAI,canopybiomassaccumula2tionandtransportefficiencyofdrymatterstoredinvegetativeorgansbeforeanthesis,grainfieldwereallthem
7、aximum.Itshowedthattooloworhighlevelofpostanthesissoilwaterstatusdecreasedgrainfield.Itindicatedthattheoptimalcombinationforthemaximumyieldwasthenitrogensupplyof152kg/667mandthepostanthesissoilwaterstatusof60%～70%.Keywords:Winterwheat;Nitrogenfiertilizer;Soilwaterstatu
8、s;Canopybiomassaccumulation;Yield山东省是中国小麦主产区,但小麦生育期间因素的影响,成为制约小麦生产发展的主要障[1]干旱少雨,尤其是开花后易受干旱、干热风等不利碍。改善小麦花后土壤水分状况是提高小麦产
