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1、麦类作物学报2007,27(5)1847-851Journal成TriticeaeCrops氮肥和花后土壤含水量对小麦干物质积累、运转及产量的影响马东辉，王月福，周华，孙虎‘莱阳农学院植物科技学院，山东青岛,266109)摘要:为给小麦高产栽3g中的水肥科学管a提供依据，在Fbfd7tie我条件下，采用施纯氮10,15,20kg/667tn'(分别用N1,N2和N3表示)和4a%--5o%,60%-70%,80%--90纬三种土壤相对含水量(分别用W1,W2,W3表示)进行处理，研究了象肥和花后上壤含水量对小走干物质积系运转及产童的影响.结果表明，增施氮肥显著提高了小麦旗叶的净光合速
2、率、叶绿素含童和叶面积系数，干物质积系量增加，而花前营养器官贮藏物质的转移率和对稚拉重的贡献率却下降，施氮肥过多的N3处理比N2处理产童略有下降，说明梅氮肥过多不利于产童的提高。花后土壤相对含水童在60%-70%时，小麦旗叶的净光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶面积系数最大，千物质积不童、花前营养器官贮藏物质转移率和产童最高，说明花后土坡含水量过高或过低均导致减产。从本试验姑果看，获得高产的最佳水氮配合为旅氮肥15kg/667时和花后土壤相对含水蚤为60%-70%.关键词:小麦;氮肥;土城含水量;千物质积取;产蚤中图分类号:S512.1;s3ll文献标识码:A文章编号;1009-1041(20
3、07)05-0847-05EffectofPostanthesisSoilWaterStatusandNitrogenonGrainYieldandCanopyBiomassAccumulationandTransportationofWinterWheatMADong-hui,WANGYue-fu,ZHOUHua,SUNHu(DepartmentofPlantScienceandTechnology,l,aiyangAgriculturalCollege.Qingdao,Sbandong266109,Cbina)Abstract:Theeffectofnitrogenandpost
4、anthesissoilwaterstatusonthecanopybiomassaccumula-tion,transportationandgrainyieldinwinterwheathavebeenstudiedinacementpoolculturewithrainoutshelter.Theresultsshowedthatincreasingnitrogenapplicationrateimprovedthephotosyn-thesisrate(Pn)andSPAD(SoilandPlantAnalyzerDevelopment)valueofflagleaf,lea
5、fareaindex(LAI)andcanopybiomassaccumulation,whilereducedtranslocationofdrymatterstoredbeforean-thesisfromvegetativeorganstokernels.TheresultthattheN3treatmentgotlessyieldthantheN2treatmentshowedthatoverloadingnitrogenwasnothelpfulforraisingthegrainfield.Undertherela-tivewatercontentof60写一700%,P
6、nandSPADvalueofflagleaf,LAI,canopybiomassaccumula-tionandtransportefficiencyofdrymatterstoredinvegetativeorgansbeforeanthesis,grainfieldwereallthemaximum.Itshowedthattooloworhighlevelofpostanthesissoilwaterstatusdecreasedgrainfield.Itindicatedthattheoptimalcombinationforthemaximumyieldwasthenit
7、rogensupplyof15kg/667m'andthepostanthesissoilwaterstatusof60%^-70%Keywads:Winterwheat;Nitrogenfiertilizer;Soilwaterstatus;Canopybiomassaccumulation;Yield山东省是中国小麦主产区，但小麦生育期间因素的影响，成为制约小麦生产发展的主要障干早少雨，尤其是开花后易受干早、干热风等不利碍[to。改善小麦花后土壤水分状
