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1、Grammar語法AttributiveClauses定語從句一、定语从句及相关概念定语:可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。如果是一个句子担任定语,那么这个句子就是定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名(代)词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。Lookatthesesentences例句1:Themanwho/thatwashereyesterdayisamiddleschoolteacher.1.先行词—man(即从句修饰的名词或代词);2.关系代词—who/that(修饰人)。例句2:Thisisthet
2、ownwhereIwasborn.1.先行词—town(即从句修饰的名词);2.关系副词—where(修饰地点,从句中状语)。先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词。关系词:引导定语从句的词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有:when,where,why等.关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定 when时间时间状语关系副词where地点地点状语
3、why原因原因状语先行词主格宾格所有格人who,thatwhom(who),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhichThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行词关系词1.Thestudents(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.先行词定语从句.主句:Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2.Thewoman(whomyousawinthepark)isourEnglishteacher.先行词定语从句主句:Th
4、ewomanisourEnglishteacher.从句的主语:you从句的宾语:whom3.Ashoeshopisashop(whichsellsshoes).主句:Ashoeshopisashop.从句的主语:which4.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句:Thebookisonthedesk.从句的主语:you从句的宾语:that引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,who,whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成份。Theman(that/wh
5、otoldusafunnystory)isinthenextroom.先行词关系代词做主语Ilostthebook(that/whichyougaveme).先行词关系代词做宾语定语从句的分类:(1)限定性定语从句:与先行词关系密切,如果没有定语从句,主句含混不清,不完整,限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。(2)非限定性定语从句:是先行词的一个附加语,对先行词起进一步说明作用,如果删掉它,主句的意义仍然是完整的,非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有句号。如:Themanwho/thatcamefirstisMike.I’llneverforgett
6、hedaywhenwefirstmeteachother.Hismotherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,whichisgoodforherhealth.v1.Heismybrother,whoisadoctor.v我有一个兄弟,他是医生。(只有一个兄弟)v2.Heismybrotherwhoisadoctor.v我有一个当医生的兄弟。(至少有两个以上)归纳:that,即指人又指物,作主语或宾语。which,指物,作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语
7、从句中作宾语时,可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine_which/that_canfly.2)Thecar_which/that_myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents_who/that__don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman_whom/that_yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5)Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_that_interestedhimgreatl
8、yintheschool。1.Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk.Thatbookthatyouwantisonthedesk.2.I