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时间:2019-02-11
《初中定语从句讲解》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、一、定语从句:定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面先行词:定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。关系词:引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。1.关系代词用法:1.who,whom两者都用于指人,
2、who用作主语,whom用作宾语(可省略)。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.YesterdayIcameacrossafewfriendswithwhomIwenttothesupermarket.(直接跟在介词后面,不能用who,只能用whom,且不能省略)2.whose:whose一般指人,但有时也指物。在从句中作定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替:Pleasepass
3、methebookwhosecoverisgreen.=Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen改写:Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.?3.which:which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.4.that:that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指
4、物。指人时可与who、whom互换,指物时可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略,不可直接跟在介词后面作宾语。Thecoat(that/which)Iputonthedeskisblue.Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?5.As:as引导定语从句主要用于两种结构:①用于asweallknow类句型中,②用于such...as...,thesame...as...等固定结构中Therewasasupermarketaroundhere,asIremember.(作宾语)Suchp
5、eopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.(作主语)那些对世界做出极大贡献的人应当受到极大的尊重。注意:1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.有些“动词+介词”习语如lookafter,lookfor,callon等不可把介词提前4/4Thisisthewatchw
6、hich/thatIamlookingfor.2.关系词只能用that的情况(1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.Thisisthebestfilmthatihaveseen.Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.(2)当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,something,few,all,none,little,some等代词时,只能用that,而不用whichAllthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(3
7、)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few,all,any,much,many等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.ThisistheverydictionaryIwanttobuy.(4)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用whichIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.(5)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.Whoistheg
8、irlth
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