管理科学13-排队论(等候理论).ppt

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1、Chapter13QueuingAnalysisIntroductiontoManagementScience8thEditionbyBernardW.TaylorIII1Chapter13-QueuingAnalysisElementsofWaitingLineAnalysisTheSingle-ServerWaitingLineSystemUndefinedandConstantServiceTimesFiniteQueueLengthFiniteCallingProblemTheMultiple-ServerWaitingLineA

2、dditionTypesofQueuingSystemsChapterTopics2Chapter13-QueuingAnalysisSignificantamountoftimespentinwaitinglinesbypeople,products,etc.Providingquickserviceisanimportantaspectofqualitycustomerservice.Thebasisofwaitinglineanalysisisthetrade-offbetweenthecostofimprovingservicea

3、ndthecostsassociatedwithmakingcustomerswait.Queuinganalysisisaprobabilisticformofanalysis.Theresultsarereferredtoasoperatingcharacteristics.Resultsareusedbymanagersofqueuingoperationstomakedecisions.Overview3Chapter13-QueuingAnalysisWaitinglinesformbecausepeopleorthingsar

4、riveataservicefasterthantheycanbeserved.Mostoperationshavesufficientservercapacitytohandlecustomersinthelongrun.Customershowever,donotarriveataconstantratenoraretheyservedinanequalamountoftime.Waitinglinesarecontinuallyincreasinganddecreasinginlength.andapproachanaverager

5、ateofcustomerarrivalsandanaverageservicetime,inthelongrun.Decisionsconcerningthemanagementofwaitinglinesarebasedontheseaveragesforcustomerarrivalsandservicetimes.Theyareusedinformulastocomputeoperatingcharacteristicsofthesystemwhichinturnformthebasisofdecisionmaking.Eleme

6、ntsofWaitingLineAnalysis4Chapter13-QueuingAnalysisComponentsofawaitinglinesystemincludearrivals(customers),servers,(cashregister/operator),customersinlineformawaitingline.Factorstoconsiderinanalysis:Thequeuediscipline.ThenatureofthecallingpopulationThearrivalrateTheservic

7、erate.TheSingle-ServerWaitingLineSystem(1of2)5Chapter13-QueuingAnalysisFigure13.1TheFastShopMarketQueuingSystemTheSingle-ServerWaitingLineSystem(2of2)6Chapter13-QueuingAnalysisQueueDiscipline:Theorderinwhichwaitingcustomersareserved.CallingPopulation:Thesourceofcustomers(

8、infiniteorfinite).ArrivalRate:Thefrequencyatwhichcustomersarriveatawaitinglineaccordingtoaprobab