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1、一、英语句子结构的原则1、谓动单一性原则在一个句子里,有且只有一个谓语动词。2、主句单一性原则在一个句子中,有且只有一个主句。(从句可以有若干个)二、三大从句1、名词性从句主语从句宾语从句同位语从句引导词(what/how/that/why/whether)结构主语从句what+VO=n.foreg.???????what+SV=n.Whatyousaidisright.形式宾语Makeitpossibleforsb.todo?that/how/why/whether+SVO=n.Thattheancestorsofbirdsaredinosaursisknown.
2、Itisknownthattheancestorsofbirdsaredinosaurs.(形式主语居多)**形式主语和强调句的区别形式主语It+v+(that+SVO)=n.n.=it强调句Itis/was+A+that+BSVO=A+B而且通常情况下Itis/was……是强调句同位语从句同位语的实质n1,n2—n1=n2S,n,VO.=S,引+svo,VO前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。Thefact,thattheancestorsofbirdsaredinosaurs,isknown.可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词,例如:view/idea/suggestio
3、n/fact/reason/conclusion……**同位语和定语从句的区别同位语的句子中,前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。Thefact,thatthesunisround.1定语从句中,引导词充当成分。Thebook,thatyouboughtforme.“that”充当宾语。ExampleDS工作室整理上传,转载请标明出处
4、ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthesinglesupercontinentknownasPangaeaindeedexisted,thatPangaeasubsequentlybrokeapartintotwogia
5、ntpieces,GondwanalandinthesouthandLaurasiainthenorth,andthatthecontinentsattachedtothevariouscrustalplatesseparatedanddriftedinvariousdirections.人们普遍接受,Pangaea以一个特别大的陆地形式存在,后来他被分为两个大块,在南边的Gondwanaland和在北边的Laurasia,他和那些在不同地壳上的大陆分开了并且向不同方向上漂移。**如何找出复杂句中的谓语?先找引导词,然后去掉随后的动词,还有动词的话,这个动词就是谓语
6、。2、形容词性从句=定语从句引导词(1)that/which/who(whom)(代词性)(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)结构(1)that/which/who(whom)=S+VO=a.Thisispigthat/whichisveryfat.(1)that/which/who(whom)=O+SV=a.因为代词性的引导词可以充当主语或宾语Thisisthepigthat/whichIate.(作宾语可省略引)ThisisthepigfromwhichImakefun.引导词前的介词取决于后面的动词Thisisthepig,whichisvery
7、fastThisisthepig,(which)Iate.Thisisthepig,fromwhichImakefun.(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)+SVO=a.Thebook,whosecoverisred,isquiteinteresting.Thisistheplacewhere(=inwhich定语从句)Igrewup.When用在后面也可能是状从,也有可能是定从。**具体分析举例Inhishypothesisthathedevelopedbasedonit……看上去该句的based是一个n-ed的形式,但是她又是修饰谁呢?Inhish
8、ypothesis()hedevelopedthatbasedonit….2因此可以看出,based修饰that,而在此句中,that指代hypothesis.DS工作室整理上传,转载请标明出处
9、**形容词性从句的省略当that/which在定语从句中充当宾语时,可将其省略。Thisisthepigthat/whichIate.ThisisthepigIate.当that/which在定语从句中充当主语时,且从句的谓语动词为be动词时,可将其同时省略。Thehouse,whichwasbuiltin1919,wasdestroyed.Thehouse,built