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1、托福阅读结构汇总分析木文为考生介绍一些托逼阅读旬型的结构,考生在进行托福阅读复习时不妨将这些结构方法运用起来,可以加快托福阅读的复习效率,提高白己的复习效果。一、英语句子结构的原则1、谓动单-•性原则在一个句子里,有且只有一个谓语动词。2、主句单一性原则在一个句子中,有且只有一个主句。(从句町以有若干个)二、三大从句1、名词性从句主语从句宾语从旬同位语从句引导词(what/how/that/why/whether)结构主语从句what+VO二n.foreg.what+SV=n.Whatyousaidisright.
2、形式宾语Makeitpossibleforsb.todothat/how/why/whether+SVO=n.Thattheancestorsofbirdsaredinosaursisknown」tisknownthattheancestorsofbirdsaredinosaurs•(形式主语居多)杓形式主语和强调句的区别形式主语It+v+(that+SVO)=n.n.二it强调句Itis/was+A+that+BSVO=A+B而H•通常情况下Itis/was・・.・・・是强调句同位语从句同位语的实质nl,n2—n
3、l=n2S,n,VO=S,引+svo,VO前而的成分不应当在后面充当成分。Thefact,thattheancestorsofbirdsaredinosaurs,isknown.可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词,例如:view/idea/suggestion/fact/reason/conclusion......**同位语和定语从句的区别同位语的句了中,前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。Thefact,thatthesunisround.定语从句中,引导词充当成分。Thebook,thatyouboughtforme.
4、"that"充当宾语。ExampleItisgenerallyacceptedthatthesinglesupercontinentknownasPangaeaindeedexisted,thatPangaeasubsequentlybrokeapartintotwogiantpieces,GondwanalandinthesouthandLaurasiainthenorth,andthatthecontinentsattachedtothevariouscrustalplatesseparatedanddrift
5、edinvariousdirections.人们普遍接受,Pangaea以一个特别大的陆地形式存在,后來他被分为两个大块,在南边的Gondwanaland和在北边的Laurasia,他和那些在不同地壳上的人陆分开了并一FI.向不同方向上漂移。**如”J找出复杂句中的谓语?先找引导词,然后去掉随后的动词,还冇动词的话,这个动词就是谓语。2、形容词性从句二定语从句引导词(l)that/which/who(whom)(代词性)(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)结构⑴that/which/who(whom)
6、二S+VO二a.Thisispigthat/whichisveryfat.(1)that/which/who(whom)=O+SV=a.因为代词性的引导词可以充当主语或宾语Thisisthepigthat/whichIate.(作宾语可省略引)ThisisthepigfromwhichImakefun.引导词前的介词取决于后面的动词Thisisthepig,whichisveryfastThisisthepig,(which)late.Thisisthepig,fromwhichImakefun.(1)whose/
7、when/where(非代词性)+SVO=a.Thebook,whosecoverisred,isquiteinteresting.Thisistheplacewhere(=inwhich定语从句)Igrewup.When用在后面也可能是状从,也冇可能是定从。和具体分析举例Inhishypothesisthathedevelopedbasedonit……看上去该句的based是一个n-ed的形式,但是她又是修饰谁呢?Inhishypothesis))hedevelopedthatbasedonit....因此可以看
8、出,based修饰that,而在此句中,that指代hypothesis.和形容词性从句的省略当that/which在定语从旬中充当宾语时,可将其省略。Thisisthepigthat/whichIate・ThisisthepigIate.当that/which在定语从句中充当主语时,1L从句的谓语动词为be动词吋,可将其同时省略。Thehouse,whic