chapter11 reproduction metabolism

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1、Chapter11ReproductionmetabolismSection1juvenility1.1Juvenilityisanageoraphysiologicalstateofplantbeforeflowerdifferentiation,inwhichitisunabletoflower,evenifplantgrowsanenvironmentforflowering.1.2ThemethodstoshortenjuvenilityDaylength:birch(2)graft:(3)GAstreatment:Section2vernali

2、zationVernalization(春化作用)referslow-temperaturepromotionofflowering.2.1CharacteristicsofvernalizationVernalization-requiredplants:winterannuals:winterwheatmostofbiennials:someperennials:2.1.1TemperatureandtimeofvernalizationTheeffectivetemperaturerangeforvernalizationis-4℃—12℃。The

3、optimumusuallybetween1～7℃。devernalizationvernalization→←2.1.2ThestagesensitivetolowtemperatureDryseeddonotrespondtothecoldtreatmentWinterannuals:canbevernalizedbeforegermination.mostofbiennials:reachaminimalsize2.1.3ThepartsensitivetolowtemperatureShootapex未低温春化低温春化低温春化接穗未低温春化砧木低

4、温春化砧木未低温春化接穗春化效果在不同枝条和砧木接穗间的可传导性FloweringrequireshightemperatureandlongdaysaftervernalizationInductionofsproutdifferentiation2.2shortdays,GAandvernalization2.3Mechanismofvernalization2.3.1SugarsandO2arerequiredItapperarsunlikelythatlowtemperaturessimplyarrestsomemetabolicreaction

5、sthatinhibitflowering.ThesugarsandO2suggestactivationofanaerobicmetabolicreactionsthatisessentialforflowering.2.3.2VernalizationhasbeencorrelatedwithDNAdemethylationHyoscyamusnigerremainsvernalizedforatleast300daysaftertheendofacoldtreatment.Coldtreatmentcausesapermanentchangeint

6、hepatternofgeneexpression.thepatternofgeneexpression→DNAdemethylationLate-floweringArabidopsisflowerearlyifvernalized.iftreatmentwithDNAdemethylatng5-azacytidineArabidopsislinesthatdonotrequirevernalizationwerefoundnottorespondto5-azacytidine.Genesthatareneededforearlyfloweringco

7、uldbeblockedbyDNAdemethylation.2.3.3GenesrelevanttovernalizationArabidopsis：fca——lateflowergene,vrn——non-responsionforvernalizationfy,fpa,fve,fca,fe——sensitivityforvernalizationSpringwheat:vrn1,vrn2,vrn3,vrn4,vrn5,2.4Applicationofvernalizationonproduction(1)vernalization(2)seedti

8、me(3)introducingvarietySection3Photoperi